航天器环境工程
航天器環境工程
항천기배경공정
Spacecraft Environment Engineering
2015年
5期
469-476
,共8页
载人航天器%密封舱%电解制氧装置%氧分压%总压控制
載人航天器%密封艙%電解製氧裝置%氧分壓%總壓控製
재인항천기%밀봉창%전해제양장치%양분압%총압공제
manned spacecraft%pressurized cabin%water electrolysis system%oxygen partial pressure%air pressure control
载人航天器气压控制系统主要负责控制密封舱内氧分压和总压满足指标要求,承担长期载人任务的载人航天器通常配备电解制氧系统用于维持密封舱内氧分压水平.文章建立了一种载人航天器密封舱气压控制系统仿真分析模型,利用该模型分析对比了氧气瓶供氧和电解制氧供氧 2 种模式对应的密封舱氧分压和总压变化规律.结果表明,驻留24 h内,氧气瓶供氧模式对应的氧分压单调下降;电解制氧供氧模式对应的氧分压并非单调下降,而是取决于供氧速率与乘员代谢耗氧间的关系,且氧分压变化范围要远小于氧气瓶供氧模式.驻留60 d内,电解制氧供氧模式对应的氧分压在上下限间的变化周期以及总压的变化周期要明显长于氧气瓶供氧模式.为避免空气温度的影响,氧分压和总压的控制范围应比允许范围窄.
載人航天器氣壓控製繫統主要負責控製密封艙內氧分壓和總壓滿足指標要求,承擔長期載人任務的載人航天器通常配備電解製氧繫統用于維持密封艙內氧分壓水平.文章建立瞭一種載人航天器密封艙氣壓控製繫統倣真分析模型,利用該模型分析對比瞭氧氣瓶供氧和電解製氧供氧 2 種模式對應的密封艙氧分壓和總壓變化規律.結果錶明,駐留24 h內,氧氣瓶供氧模式對應的氧分壓單調下降;電解製氧供氧模式對應的氧分壓併非單調下降,而是取決于供氧速率與乘員代謝耗氧間的關繫,且氧分壓變化範圍要遠小于氧氣瓶供氧模式.駐留60 d內,電解製氧供氧模式對應的氧分壓在上下限間的變化週期以及總壓的變化週期要明顯長于氧氣瓶供氧模式.為避免空氣溫度的影響,氧分壓和總壓的控製範圍應比允許範圍窄.
재인항천기기압공제계통주요부책공제밀봉창내양분압화총압만족지표요구,승담장기재인임무적재인항천기통상배비전해제양계통용우유지밀봉창내양분압수평.문장건립료일충재인항천기밀봉창기압공제계통방진분석모형,이용해모형분석대비료양기병공양화전해제양공양 2 충모식대응적밀봉창양분압화총압변화규률.결과표명,주류24 h내,양기병공양모식대응적양분압단조하강;전해제양공양모식대응적양분압병비단조하강,이시취결우공양속솔여승원대사모양간적관계,차양분압변화범위요원소우양기병공양모식.주류60 d내,전해제양공양모식대응적양분압재상하한간적변화주기이급총압적변화주기요명현장우양기병공양모식.위피면공기온도적영향,양분압화총압적공제범위응비윤허범위착.
The air control system in a manned spacecraft is used to control theoxygen partial pressure and the air pressure of the pressurized cabin within the index range. In the manned spacecraft for a long-term crew staying, the water electrolysis system is usually used to control the oxygen partial pressure of the pressurized cabin. A simulation model of the air pressure control system of the pressurized cabin in the manned spacecraft is proposed. Using this model, the varying trends of the oxygen partial pressure and the air pressure related to the two oxygen supply modes of the water electrolysis system and the oxygen cylinder are compared and analyzed. According to the results, when the staying period is 24 h, the oxygen partial pressure related to the oxygen supply by the oxygen cylinder keeps declining, which is different from that related to the oxygen supply by the water electrolysis system. The varying trend of the oxygen partial pressure related to the oxygen supply by the water electrolysis system is determined by the oxygen supply flux and the crew metabolic oxygen consumption; meanwhile, the varying range of the oxygen partial pressure related to the oxygen supply by the water electrolysis system is dramatically smaller than that related to the oxygen supply by the oxygen cylinder. When the staying period is 60 d, the varying cycle of the oxygen partial pressure and the air pressure related to the oxygen supply by the water electrolysis system is dramatically longer than that related to the oxygen supply by the oxygen cylinder. In order to avoid the influence of the air temperature, the control range of the oxygen partial pressure and the air pressure should be narrower than the allowable range.
