CAJ | 학술논문

为了解中间球海胆Strongylocentrotus intermedius ( Si)与光棘球海胆Strongylocentrotus nudus ( Sn)杂交后代的杂种优势及表型特征,以同期培育的中间球海胆(意)与光棘球海胆(裔)种间杂交子一代( Si♀× Sn♂)幼胆及自繁子一代幼胆为研究对象,对3种海胆的成活率、生长表现(生长速度和表型变异)和表型特征(管足色素细胞数量、骨片形状、棘刺的颜色和长度)进行了比较。结果表明：经过90 d的养殖,中间球海胆和光棘球海胆的最终成活率均为100%,杂交海胆为97%,但3种海胆间无显著性差异( P>0.05)；在0~60 d的养殖范围内,杂交海胆具有最快的特定生长率(4.00%/d),且显著高于中间球海胆(2.91%/d)和光棘球海胆(3.15%/d)(P<0.05),而后两者之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),60~90 d时,3种海胆的特定生长率之间均无显著性差异( P>0.05)；试验结束时,杂交海胆体质量的变异系数(76.12%)显著高于光棘球海胆(63.81%)和中间球海胆(52.05%)(P<0.05),表明种间杂交显著增加了后代的遗传变异；光棘球海胆管足中色素细胞数量最多,中间球海胆最少,杂交海胆的色素细胞数量介于父母本之间；杂交海胆棘刺为浅紫色,介于中间球海胆的白色和紫海胆的深紫色之间,而棘长较父母本细短；与棘色和管足颜色不同,杂交海胆骨片两端的突起产生了新的变异。研究表明,在幼胆期杂交海胆的表型特征明显区别于父母本,具有更快的生长速度和更高的变异水平,具有较高的育种价值。
위료해중간구해담Strongylocentrotus intermedius ( Si)여광극구해담Strongylocentrotus nudus ( Sn)잡교후대적잡충우세급표형특정,이동기배육적중간구해담(의)여광극구해담(예)충간잡교자일대( Si♀× Sn♂)유담급자번자일대유담위연구대상,대3충해담적성활솔、생장표현(생장속도화표형변이)화표형특정(관족색소세포수량、골편형상、극자적안색화장도)진행료비교。결과표명：경과90 d적양식,중간구해담화광극구해담적최종성활솔균위100%,잡교해담위97%,단3충해담간무현저성차이( P>0.05)；재0~60 d적양식범위내,잡교해담구유최쾌적특정생장솔(4.00%/d),차현저고우중간구해담(2.91%/d)화광극구해담(3.15%/d)(P<0.05),이후량자지간무현저성차이(P>0.05),60~90 d시,3충해담적특정생장솔지간균무현저성차이( P>0.05)；시험결속시,잡교해담체질량적변이계수(76.12%)현저고우광극구해담(63.81%)화중간구해담(52.05%)(P<0.05),표명충간잡교현저증가료후대적유전변이；광극구해담관족중색소세포수량최다,중간구해담최소,잡교해담적색소세포수량개우부모본지간；잡교해담극자위천자색,개우중간구해담적백색화자해담적심자색지간,이극장교부모본세단；여극색화관족안색불동,잡교해담골편량단적돌기산생료신적변이。연구표명,재유담기잡교해담적표형특정명현구별우부모본,구유경쾌적생장속도화경고적변이수평,구유교고적육충개치。
The survival, growth performance[specific growth rate(SGR) and coefficient of variation (CV)] and phenotypic characteristics ( count of chromatophore cells and ossicle shape on tube feet, and spine length and col-or) were compared in sea urchin hybrid juveniles of Strongylocentrotus intermedius (♀) ×S. nudus (♂) and the two purebred sea urchin offsprings to evaluate the heterosis. The 90 d feeding trial showed that both S. intermedius and S. nudus had survival rate of 100%, and the hybrids 97% at the end of the experiment, without significant difference (P>0. 05). However, there was significantly higher SGR (4. 00 %/d) in the hybrids than that in the parents (2.91 %/d in S. intermedius and 3. 15 %/d in S. nudus)(P<0. 05), without significant difference be-tween the two parental species (P>0. 05). From 60 days to 90 days, there was no significant difference among the three sea urchins ( P>0 . 05 ) . The hybrids had significantly higher coefficient of variation for body weight of (76. 12%) than the S. intermedius(52. 05%) and S. nudus (63. 81%) at the end of the experiment(P<0. 05), indicating that interspecific hybridization significantly led to increase in genetic variation in hybrid offsprings. The maximal chromatophore cells were observed on the tube feet in S. nudus while the minimal ones were found in S. in-termedius. The hybrids showed the moderate number of chromatophore cells on tube feet. The hybrids had spines with a light purple color, between S. intermedius (white) and S. nudus (deep purple), and thinner and shorter spines compared to the parental sea urchins. Unlike the colors of spines and tube feet, a new variation was ob-served at the ends of the ossicles on tube feet. The findings indicate that the hybrid juveniles has an obviously dif-ferent phenotype from that of the parents, and are characterized by good growth rate and higher level of variation, as a high breeding potential.