CAJ | 학술논문

炭基氮肥是近年来生物炭农用的重要方向。为明确其在不同灌水量条件下设施栽培体系的农学与环境效应，通过两种工艺将生物炭与尿素复合，采用田间试验研究浸泡型炭基尿素和高压型炭基尿素与两个不同灌溉水量（常规及低量）相耦合对番茄光合作用、生长、产量、品质、土壤盐度及硝态氮残留的影响。结果表明，与常规灌水相比，低量灌水使叶片光合作用及叶绿素合成受到抑制，番茄出现减产；浸泡型炭基尿素处理所受抑制相对较弱，番茄产量降低不明显；高压型炭基尿素处理所受抑制较强，番茄产量明显降低；减水措施增强了两种炭基尿素处理叶片的蒸腾作用，提升了番茄果实可溶糖与Vc含量；减水措施还表现为明显增加了两种炭基尿素处理0~80 cm土层中的硝态氮残留量。与普通尿素相比，浸泡型和高压型炭基尿素处理起到了增强叶片光合强度及调节叶片蒸腾强度的作用，增加了叶片叶绿素合成及果径和单果重，番茄产量分别增加34.5％~51.5％、9.1％~15.6％；两种炭基尿素在常规灌水时表现为降低果实硝酸盐及Vc含量，在低量灌水时表现为增加果实可溶糖与Vc含量；与普通尿素相比，浸泡型炭基尿素处理在常规灌水和低量灌水时0~80 cm土层硝态氮总量分别减少了45％和37％，高压型炭基尿素处理在常规灌水时0~80 cm土层的硝态氮总量无明显变化，减量灌水时0~80 cm土层的硝态氮总量增加了13.0％；浸泡型炭基尿素与低量灌水组合处理的土壤硝态氮残留量低于普通尿素与常规灌水组合处理。浸泡型炭基尿素在提升番茄产量与品质、降低土壤氮素环境风险及减少灌水投入等方面均具有较好的推广潜力。
탄기담비시근년래생물탄농용적중요방향。위명학기재불동관수량조건하설시재배체계적농학여배경효응，통과량충공예장생물탄여뇨소복합，채용전간시험연구침포형탄기뇨소화고압형탄기뇨소여량개불동관개수량（상규급저량）상우합대번가광합작용、생장、산량、품질、토양염도급초태담잔류적영향。결과표명，여상규관수상비，저량관수사협편광합작용급협록소합성수도억제，번가출현감산；침포형탄기뇨소처리소수억제상대교약，번가산량강저불명현；고압형탄기뇨소처리소수억제교강，번가산량명현강저；감수조시증강료량충탄기뇨소처리협편적증등작용，제승료번가과실가용당여Vc함량；감수조시환표현위명현증가료량충탄기뇨소처리0~80 cm토층중적초태담잔류량。여보통뇨소상비，침포형화고압형탄기뇨소처리기도료증강협편광합강도급조절협편증등강도적작용，증가료협편협록소합성급과경화단과중，번가산량분별증가34.5％~51.5％、9.1％~15.6％；량충탄기뇨소재상규관수시표현위강저과실초산염급Vc함량，재저량관수시표현위증가과실가용당여Vc함량；여보통뇨소상비，침포형탄기뇨소처리재상규관수화저량관수시0~80 cm토층초태담총량분별감소료45％화37％，고압형탄기뇨소처리재상규관수시0~80 cm토층적초태담총량무명현변화，감량관수시0~80 cm토층적초태담총량증가료13.0％；침포형탄기뇨소여저량관수조합처리적토양초태담잔류량저우보통뇨소여상규관수조합처리。침포형탄기뇨소재제승번가산량여품질、강저토양담소배경풍험급감소관수투입등방면균구유교호적추엄잠력。
Biochar-based nitrogen fertilizer has been one of important applications of biochar in agriculture. Here a greenhouse experiment was conducted to examine the agronomic and environmental effects of two types of biochar-based urea(water- immersed and highly-pres-surized)under two irrigation conditions(conventional level and low level). Leaf photosynthesis, growth, yield and quality of tomato, soil salinity, and soil nitrate content were observed. Results showed that reducing irrigation level by 46.0%inhibited leaf photosynthesis and de-creased tomato yield, as compared to the conventional irrigation level. The leaf photosynthesis and tomato yield in the treatment with highly-pressurized biochar-based urea was significantly decreased , whereas such inhibition was not obvious in the treatment with water im-mersed biochar-based urea. However, the reduced irrigation increased leaf transpiration rate, fruit soluble sugar and Vc content and soil ni-trate content in both biochar-based urea treatments. Compared with conventional urea, water-immersed and highly-pressurized biochar-based urea enhanced leaf photosynthesis intensity, regulated leaf transpiration intensity, increased leaf chlorophyll content and fruit diameter and weight, resulting in increases in tomato yield by 34.5%~51.5%and 9.12%~15.6%, respectively. Both types of biochar-based urea re-duced fruit nitrate and Vc content at the conventional irrigation level, but increased fruit soluble sugar and Vc content at the reduced irriga-tion level. In comparison with conventional urea treatment, water immersed type of biochar-based urea decreased soil residual nitrate of 0~80 cm depth by 45.0%at the conventional irrigation level and by 37.0%at the reduced irrigation level. High-pressured type of biochar-based urea had little effect on soil residual nitrate at the conventional irrigation level, whereas it greatly increased soil residual nitrate of 0~80 cm depth by 13.0%at the reduced irrigation level. Soil nitrate content was siginificantly lower in water immersed biochar-based urea treatment at reduced irrigation level than in conventional urea treatment at conventional irrigation level. In sum, water immersed biochar-based urea has potential to increase tomato yield, improve fruit quality, lower soil nitrogen environmental risks, and reduce irrigation level.