CAJ | 학술논문

以湖南省3个国家级稻田土壤肥力变化长期定位监测点（新化、宁乡和桃江）的土壤为对象，研究了20年不同土壤培肥方式（不施肥、单施化肥、化肥配施中量/高量猪粪和化肥配施秸秆）对土壤全氮、有机氮组分及氮素矿化的影响。结果显示，与不施肥相比，单施化肥对土壤全氮的影响在新化和宁乡点均不显著，但化肥配施猪粪或秸秆在三个试验点均显著提高了土壤全氮、碱解氮和微生物量氮的含量。总体来看，长期施肥能够提高土壤有机氮各组分的含量，并提高氨基糖氮和氨基酸氮在全氮中的占比，但不同类型肥料施入后对有机氮组分的影响因试验点的不同而异，这可能是不同试验点土壤理化性质差异导致的。相关分析显示土壤酸解有机氮组分与氮矿化势极显著相关，且在三个监测点，有机物配施化肥的处理土壤氮矿化势均高于单施化肥处理。研究表明，虽然土壤性质上的差异可能导致土壤氮组分对施肥措施的响应不同，但有机无机肥配施提高土壤供氮潜力的效果均优于单施化肥。
이호남성3개국가급도전토양비력변화장기정위감측점（신화、저향화도강）적토양위대상，연구료20년불동토양배비방식（불시비、단시화비、화비배시중량/고량저분화화비배시갈간）대토양전담、유궤담조분급담소광화적영향。결과현시，여불시비상비，단시화비대토양전담적영향재신화화저향점균불현저，단화비배시저분혹갈간재삼개시험점균현저제고료토양전담、감해담화미생물량담적함량。총체래간，장기시비능구제고토양유궤담각조분적함량，병제고안기당담화안기산담재전담중적점비，단불동류형비료시입후대유궤담조분적영향인시험점적불동이이，저가능시불동시험점토양이화성질차이도치적。상관분석현시토양산해유궤담조분여담광화세겁현저상관，차재삼개감측점，유궤물배시화비적처리토양담광화세균고우단시화비처리。연구표명，수연토양성질상적차이가능도치토양담조분대시비조시적향응불동，단유궤무궤비배시제고토양공담잠력적효과균우우단시화비。
Applying fertilizers not only improves soil fertility, but may also influence nitrogen transformation in soil. Here the effects of long-term(20 years)different fertilization on total nitrogen(N), organic N components and organic N mineralization in paddy soils were studied at three experimental sites(Xinhua, Ningxiang and Taojiang)in Hunan Province. Fertilization included no fertilizer(CK), chemical fertil-izers(NPK), chemical fertilizers plus medium and high amounts of pig manure(MM+NPK and HM+NPK), and chemical fertilizers plus in-corporated straw(Str.+NPK). Compared with CK, chemical fertilizers alone did not consistently influence soil total N, alkali-hydrolyzable N and microbial biomass N, but chemical fertilizers plus organic materials(MM+NPK, HM+NPK and Str.+NPK)significantly increased these soil N content in all three experimental sites. In general, the proportions of amino acid N and amino sugar N to total N were improved by long-term fertilization. However, the responses of organic N fractions to fertilization varied in different experimental sites, which may be at-tributed to the differences in soil properties. Significant positive correlation was observed between hydrolyzable N content and potentially mineralizable N. In all three experiment sites, chemical fertilizer plus organic materials showed a higher potentially mineralizable N than chemical fertilizers alone. In conclusion, soil properties influence the responses of soil organic nitrogen fractions to fertilization, and com-bined applications of organic and chemical fertilizers show higher soil nitrogen supplying potential than chemical fertilizers alone.