CAJ | 학술논문

基于华北农田长期定位试验，研究了长期施用生物炭和秸秆还田对整个玉米生育期内土壤微生物量的影响。试验共设4个处理：CK（单施氮磷钾肥）、C1（生物炭4.5 t·hm-2·a-1+氮磷钾肥）、C2（生物炭9.0 t·hm-2·a-1+氮磷钾肥）和SR（秸秆还田+氮磷钾肥）。结果表明，各处理土壤微生物量碳、氮（MBC、MBN）动态变化趋势基本一致，均在玉米拔节期达到最高值，施用生物炭和秸秆还田均显著提高了土壤MBC、MBN含量（P﹤0.05），并且随着施炭量的增加而增加。与CK相比，C1、C2和SR处理的土壤MBC和MBN分别提高了105.2％、146.5％、96.4％和123.9％、183.6％、114.3％；与秸秆直接还田相比，施用高量生物炭更有利于增加土壤MBC、MBN含量。土壤MBC、MBN均与土壤温度呈现显著的正相关关系，而与土壤水分的相关性较差，说明在玉米生育期土壤温度是影响土壤微生物量变化的主要因素之一。施用生物炭显著降低了MBC、MBN的季节波动，而对土壤微生物量碳氮比（MBC/MBN）没有显著影响。综上所述，施用生物炭更有利于维持较高的微生物活性和较稳定的土壤环境。
기우화북농전장기정위시험，연구료장기시용생물탄화갈간환전대정개옥미생육기내토양미생물량적영향。시험공설4개처리：CK（단시담린갑비）、C1（생물탄4.5 t·hm-2·a-1+담린갑비）、C2（생물탄9.0 t·hm-2·a-1+담린갑비）화SR（갈간환전+담린갑비）。결과표명，각처리토양미생물량탄、담（MBC、MBN）동태변화추세기본일치，균재옥미발절기체도최고치，시용생물탄화갈간환전균현저제고료토양MBC、MBN함량（P﹤0.05），병차수착시탄량적증가이증가。여CK상비，C1、C2화SR처리적토양MBC화MBN분별제고료105.2％、146.5％、96.4％화123.9％、183.6％、114.3％；여갈간직접환전상비，시용고량생물탄경유리우증가토양MBC、MBN함량。토양MBC、MBN균여토양온도정현현저적정상관관계，이여토양수분적상관성교차，설명재옥미생육기토양온도시영향토양미생물량변화적주요인소지일。시용생물탄현저강저료MBC、MBN적계절파동，이대토양미생물량탄담비（MBC/MBN）몰유현저영향。종상소술，시용생물탄경유리우유지교고적미생물활성화교은정적토양배경。
Biochar and straw direct return to field can increase soil organic carbon and may thus improve soil microbial biomass. In a long-term experiment in the North China Plain, we studied the effects of biochar and straw direct return to field on soil microbial biomass during maize growth period. This experiment consisted of four treatments(CK, C1, C2, SR)with three replication:CK(NPK fertilizer alone), C1 (biochar 4.5 t·hm-2·a-1+NPK fertilizer), C2(biochar 9.0 t·hm-2·a-1+NPK fertilizer)and SR(straw return+NPK fertilizer). Results showed that soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen(MBC, MBN)had similar seasonal variations and they reached the highest at maize jointing stage. Biochar addition and straw return significantly increased the content of soil MBC and MBN. Such effects increased with biochar rates. Compared with CK, soil MBC and MBN in C1, C2 and SR treatments were increased by 105.2%, 146.5%, and 96.4%and 123.9%, 183.6%, and 114.3%, respectively. High amount of biochar was more helpful to increase soil MBC and MBN than straw return was. Soil MBC and MBN was positively correlated with soil temperature, but had no correlation with soil moisture. Soil temperature was one of the main factors affecting soil microbial biomass during maize growth period. Furthermore, biochar significantly reduced the seasonal fluctuation of MBC and MBN, but showed no significant effects on soil MBC/MBN ratio. In summary, applying biochar would be helpful to maintain high and stable microbial biomass of soil.