CAJ | 학술논문

合理的设计评价载荷是科学评价轴承设计结果、确保其具有期望可靠性水平的基础。根据轮对各部件机械载荷的相关性，建立了来自于标准AAR M 934轴承寿命预测与台架试验、EN 12082轴承台架试验、EN 13979-1中考核车轮设计疲劳强度、EN13103/EN13104及JIS E 4501考核车轴疲劳强度的轴承载荷确定方法。应用标准ISO 281规定的轴承性能分析及概率寿命预测方法，通过某35.7 t轴重铁路货车轴颈轴承的分析，说明了现有标准相关的轴承载荷差异很大，轴向载荷对概率寿命评估结果的影响很大，现有不考虑或微弱考虑轴向载荷，以及以特定工况来考核轮对部件设计疲劳强度的标准载荷条件，不适宜应用于轴承设计评估载荷；标准JIS E 4501规定的轮对载荷，比较适宜货车轴颈轴承与机车轴箱轴承的设计评价载荷；标准EN 13103/EN13104规定的轮对载荷，比较适宜客车与动车组轴箱轴承的设计评估载荷；标准EN 12082规定的载荷条件，有利于在短时间严格考核轴承。
합리적설계평개재하시과학평개축승설계결과、학보기구유기망가고성수평적기출。근거륜대각부건궤계재하적상관성，건립료래자우표준AAR M 934축승수명예측여태가시험、EN 12082축승태가시험、EN 13979-1중고핵차륜설계피로강도、EN13103/EN13104급JIS E 4501고핵차축피로강도적축승재하학정방법。응용표준ISO 281규정적축승성능분석급개솔수명예측방법，통과모35.7 t축중철로화차축경축승적분석，설명료현유표준상관적축승재하차이흔대，축향재하대개솔수명평고결과적영향흔대，현유불고필혹미약고필축향재하，이급이특정공황래고핵륜대부건설계피로강도적표준재하조건，불괄의응용우축승설계평고재하；표준JIS E 4501규정적륜대재하，비교괄의화차축경축승여궤차축상축승적설계평개재하；표준EN 13103/EN13104규정적륜대재하，비교괄의객차여동차조축상축승적설계평고재하；표준EN 12082규정적재하조건，유리우재단시간엄격고핵축승。
Reasonable load sets for design assessment is a basis of assuring correct estimation on design and manufacturing quality with an expected reliability level. Possible load sets are synthetically formulated, respectively, from the regular load sets for bearing probabilistic rating life estimation and rig test by codes AAR M 934 and EN 12082, the wheelset load sets for wheel/axle design fatigue strength check by codes EN 13979-1/EN 13103/EN 13104 and JIS E 4501. Bearing capacity and probabilistic rating life L10 estimations are coded by ISO 281. Effects of the possible load sets are compared through application to the journal bearing of a freight car with 37.5 t axle weigh. Results reveal that the possible load sets are not consistency each other. The probabilistic lives are significantly affected by the axial loads. The load sets without axial loads or weak axial loads are invalid. The load set corresponding to the wheelset load set coded by JIS E 4501 may be suitable for the journal/axlebox bearing of wagon and locomotive. The load sets by EN 13103/EN 13104 may be good for passenger car and EMU. And the load set by EN 12082 may be well strictly applied for bearing rig tests in a limited time regime.