CAJ | 학술논문

福岛核事故向环境释放的放射性核素中包含了锕系元素Pu ，其中以极毒组的239 Pu、240 Pu和高毒组的241 Pu为主。本文总结并分析了针对福岛核事故向环境释放的 Pu的相关研究。据估计，福岛核事故向环境中排放的239＋240 Pu总量约为109 Bq ，是切尔诺贝利核事故排放量的万分之一。此次事故排放的Pu同位素原子比（240 Pu／239 Pu和241 Pu／239 Pu）及活度比（A （238 Pu）／A （239＋240 Pu））明显异于全球沉降值，可作为事故中Pu溯源的判定依据。事故所排放的Pu全部来源于核电站1～3号反应堆堆芯而非乏燃料池。现有研究报道的数据表明，在福岛核电站周围30 km范围内的陆地环境中存在来自核事故排放的Pu污染，污染相对严重的“热点”区域和该地区与核电站的相对位置没有明显关联，主要是受地形和降水的影响。而对于人们关心的海洋环境，来自福岛核事故的Pu污染非常小。核事故向海洋中排放的Pu相对于核事故前海洋环境中的Pu污染水平可忽略不计。
복도핵사고향배경석방적방사성핵소중포함료아계원소Pu ，기중이겁독조적239 Pu、240 Pu화고독조적241 Pu위주。본문총결병분석료침대복도핵사고향배경석방적 Pu적상관연구。거고계，복도핵사고향배경중배방적239＋240 Pu총량약위109 Bq ，시절이낙패리핵사고배방량적만분지일。차차사고배방적Pu동위소원자비（240 Pu／239 Pu화241 Pu／239 Pu）급활도비（A （238 Pu）／A （239＋240 Pu））명현이우전구침강치，가작위사고중Pu소원적판정의거。사고소배방적Pu전부래원우핵전참1～3호반응퇴퇴심이비핍연료지。현유연구보도적수거표명，재복도핵전참주위30 km범위내적륙지배경중존재래자핵사고배방적Pu오염，오염상대엄중적“열점”구역화해지구여핵전참적상대위치몰유명현관련，주요시수지형화강수적영향。이대우인문관심적해양배경，래자복도핵사고적Pu오염비상소。핵사고향해양중배방적Pu상대우핵사고전해양배경중적Pu오염수평가홀략불계。
On March 11 , 2011 , a catastrophic tsunami induced by a magnitude 9.0 earthquake caused the terrible Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) acci‐dent ,leading to the release of a large amount of radionuclides into the environment .T he published studies on plutonium isotopes in the environment after the FDNPP accident were reviewed in this paper .The total atmospheric released amounts of Pu from the FDNPP accident were estimated to be 109 Bq ,that is only 1/10 000 of that released from the Chernobyl accident .The Pu isotopes were released from the damaged reactors ,not from the spent fuel pools in the FDNPP .The Pu isotopic ratios (240 Pu/239 Pu ,241 Pu/239 Pu) and activity ratios of A(238 Pu)/A(239+ 240 Pu) were significantly different from that of global fallout ,serving as powerful fingerprints for Pu source identification .To date , the plutonium isotopes from the accident in the terrestrial environment within the 30 km zone around the FDNPP site have been widely observed and there are no strong positive correlations between the Pu isotopes contamination levels and the distances from the FDNPP site .The influence of the FDNPP accident on Pu distributions in the marine environment is limited .No detectable Pu contamination from the accident is observed even in the near coastal (5 km off the FDNPP site) marine sediments .