中国医院用药评价与分析
中國醫院用藥評價與分析
중국의원용약평개여분석
Evaluation and Analysis of Drug-Use in Hospitals of China
2015年
10期
1325-1327
,共3页
汪洋%徐喆%王小玲%朱正飞
汪洋%徐喆%王小玲%硃正飛
왕양%서철%왕소령%주정비
新生儿重症监护病房%病原菌%耐药性
新生兒重癥鑑護病房%病原菌%耐藥性
신생인중증감호병방%병원균%내약성
Neonatal intensive care unit%Pathogenic bacteria%Drug resistance
目的：分析新生儿重症监护室（neonatal intensive care unit，NICU）病原菌的分布及耐药性，为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供依据。方法：回顾性分析NICU收集的2013年1—12月3802份临床标本分离的病原菌分布及耐药性。结果：3802份标本中，共分离出病原菌株308株，分离率为8.10％。革兰阳性球菌占54.22％，以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌为主（占17.86％），其次为金黄色葡萄球菌（占11.36％）和溶血性葡萄球菌（占7.79％），对红霉素的耐药性均较高；革兰阴性杆菌占45.78％，前3位依次为大肠埃希菌（占22.40％）、肺炎克雷伯菌（占12.01％）、铜绿假单胞菌（占5.19％），革兰阴性杆菌对第3、4代头孢菌素、氨曲南、广谱青霉素类及结构相似的β-内酰胺类药物耐药率大于40％，对碳青霉烯类仍敏感；多重耐药菌主要为大肠埃希菌氏菌。结论：随着抗菌药物的持续使用，表皮葡萄球菌及大肠埃希菌检出率处于较高水平，应引起院内感染监测人员的密切关注，以促进临床合理用药。
目的：分析新生兒重癥鑑護室（neonatal intensive care unit，NICU）病原菌的分佈及耐藥性，為臨床閤理應用抗菌藥物提供依據。方法：迴顧性分析NICU收集的2013年1—12月3802份臨床標本分離的病原菌分佈及耐藥性。結果：3802份標本中，共分離齣病原菌株308株，分離率為8.10％。革蘭暘性毬菌佔54.22％，以凝固酶陰性葡萄毬菌為主（佔17.86％），其次為金黃色葡萄毬菌（佔11.36％）和溶血性葡萄毬菌（佔7.79％），對紅黴素的耐藥性均較高；革蘭陰性桿菌佔45.78％，前3位依次為大腸埃希菌（佔22.40％）、肺炎剋雷伯菌（佔12.01％）、銅綠假單胞菌（佔5.19％），革蘭陰性桿菌對第3、4代頭孢菌素、氨麯南、廣譜青黴素類及結構相似的β-內酰胺類藥物耐藥率大于40％，對碳青黴烯類仍敏感；多重耐藥菌主要為大腸埃希菌氏菌。結論：隨著抗菌藥物的持續使用，錶皮葡萄毬菌及大腸埃希菌檢齣率處于較高水平，應引起院內感染鑑測人員的密切關註，以促進臨床閤理用藥。
목적：분석신생인중증감호실（neonatal intensive care unit，NICU）병원균적분포급내약성，위림상합리응용항균약물제공의거。방법：회고성분석NICU수집적2013년1—12월3802빈림상표본분리적병원균분포급내약성。결과：3802빈표본중，공분리출병원균주308주，분리솔위8.10％。혁란양성구균점54.22％，이응고매음성포도구균위주（점17.86％），기차위금황색포도구균（점11.36％）화용혈성포도구균（점7.79％），대홍매소적내약성균교고；혁란음성간균점45.78％，전3위의차위대장애희균（점22.40％）、폐염극뢰백균（점12.01％）、동록가단포균（점5.19％），혁란음성간균대제3、4대두포균소、안곡남、엄보청매소류급결구상사적β-내선알류약물내약솔대우40％，대탄청매희류잉민감；다중내약균주요위대장애희균씨균。결론：수착항균약물적지속사용，표피포도구균급대장애희균검출솔처우교고수평，응인기원내감염감측인원적밀절관주，이촉진림상합리용약。
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacterial in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU), and to provide evidence for rational use of antibiotics in clinic.METHODS:The distribution and drug resistance of the pathogenic bacterial isolated from 3 802 specimens in NICU of the hospital from Jan.to Dec.2013 were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS: 308 strains of pathogenic bacterial were isolated from 3 802 specimens, with the isolation rate of 8.10%, among which the gram-positive cocci accounted for 54.22%;staphylococcus epidermidis took the lead(17.86%), followed by staphylococcus aureus(11.36%)and staphylococcus haemolyticus(7.79%),all of which had high resistance to erythrocin.The proporation of gram-negative bacilli was 45.78%, the top three leading species were the escherichia coli(22.40%), klebsiella pneumoniae (12.01%) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.19%).The drug resistance rate of gram-negative bacilli to the third and fourth generation of cephalosporin, aztreonam, broad-spectrum penicillin andβ-lactams with similar structure were all over 40%,but gram-negative bacilli was still sensitive to carbapenems.The multi-drug resistance strain mainly focus on escherichia coli.CONCLUSIONS: With the continuance use of antibiotics, the detection rates of S.epiderm and E.coli are both in high level, therefore, it is necessary to draw the close attention of monitoring operators in nosocomial infection so as to promote the rational drug use in clinic.
