CAJ | 학술논문

以北京市1996~2014年郊区露地菜田1 184份调研报告和161个土壤样本数据为基础,分析了京郊露地菜田施肥种类、施肥量、养分平衡、土壤有效养分的年际变化.结果表明:与20世纪90年代相比,现阶段露地菜田施用的有机肥由以厩肥、鸭粪和牛粪为主转为以鸡粪为主,化肥投入品种单一,偏施大量元素肥,缺少中微量元素补充;与20世纪90年代相比,尽管现阶段年施肥量明显减少,年养分盈余程度明显减轻,但养分投入量仍与作物吸收规律不符,N、P、K三大元素投入比例不合理,氮磷养分盈余的现象仍存在.经评价现阶段露地菜田土壤碱解氮缺乏,速效磷含量过高,有效钾适宜.
이북경시1996~2014년교구로지채전1 184빈조연보고화161개토양양본수거위기출,분석료경교로지채전시비충류、시비량、양분평형、토양유효양분적년제변화.결과표명:여20세기90년대상비,현계단로지채전시용적유궤비유이구비、압분화우분위주전위이계분위주,화비투입품충단일,편시대량원소비,결소중미량원소보충;여20세기90년대상비,진관현계단년시비량명현감소,년양분영여정도명현감경,단양분투입량잉여작물흡수규률불부,N、P、K삼대원소투입비례불합리,담린양분영여적현상잉존재.경평개현계단로지채전토양감해담결핍,속효린함량과고,유효갑괄의.
Taking 1 184 research reports and 161 soil samples from 1996 to 2014 of open vegetable fields in Beijing as basis, this paper analyzed the interannual changes in fertilizer type, application quantity, nutrient balance, and soil available nutrients. The results showed that compared with the 1990s,the main application of organic fertilizer including manure,duck manure,cow dug turned to chicken manure at the present stage in open vegetable fields. While chemical fertilizer tended to be a single type. Farmers preferred to apply macronutrient fertilizers, lacking secondary,micro-elements addition. Compared with the 1990s, although the annual fertilization application and annual nutrient surplus were obviously went down and alleviated at present stage, the N, P nutrients input were still exceeded crop absorbing capacity, and not in conformity with crop absorption law. The unreasonable N,P,K input ratio, N,P surplus and K deficit still existed. Evaluation on soil of present open vegetable fields indicated that these fields lacked alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and the content of available phosphorus was excessive, only the available potassium level was appropriate.