遗传
遺傳
유전
Hereditas
2015年
10期
992-1002
,共11页
CRISPR/Cas9系统%DNA片段编辑%基因功能%调控元件%疾病发生
CRISPR/Cas9繫統%DNA片段編輯%基因功能%調控元件%疾病髮生
CRISPR/Cas9계통%DNA편단편집%기인공능%조공원건%질병발생
CRISPR/Cas9 system%DNA fragment editing%gene function%regulatory elements%diseases
源于细菌和古菌的Ⅱ型成簇规律间隔短回文重复系统[Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9(Cas9),CRISPR/Cas9]近年被改造成为基因组定点编辑的新技术。由于它具有设计简单、操作方便、费用低廉等巨大优势,给遗传操作领域带来了一场革命性的改变。本文重点介绍了CRISPR/Cas9系统在基因组DNA片段靶向编辑方面的研究和应用,主要包括DNA片段的删除、反转、重复、插入和易位,这一有效的DNA片段编辑方法为研究基因功能、调控元件、组织发育和疾病发生发展提供了有力手段。本文最后展望了Ⅱ型CRISPR/Cas9系统的应用前景和其他类型CRISPR系统的应用潜力,为开展利用基因组DNA片段靶向编辑进行基因调控和功能研究提供参考。
源于細菌和古菌的Ⅱ型成簇規律間隔短迴文重複繫統[Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9(Cas9),CRISPR/Cas9]近年被改造成為基因組定點編輯的新技術。由于它具有設計簡單、操作方便、費用低廉等巨大優勢,給遺傳操作領域帶來瞭一場革命性的改變。本文重點介紹瞭CRISPR/Cas9繫統在基因組DNA片段靶嚮編輯方麵的研究和應用,主要包括DNA片段的刪除、反轉、重複、插入和易位,這一有效的DNA片段編輯方法為研究基因功能、調控元件、組織髮育和疾病髮生髮展提供瞭有力手段。本文最後展望瞭Ⅱ型CRISPR/Cas9繫統的應用前景和其他類型CRISPR繫統的應用潛力,為開展利用基因組DNA片段靶嚮編輯進行基因調控和功能研究提供參攷。
원우세균화고균적Ⅱ형성족규률간격단회문중복계통[Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9(Cas9),CRISPR/Cas9]근년피개조성위기인조정점편집적신기술。유우타구유설계간단、조작방편、비용저렴등거대우세,급유전조작영역대래료일장혁명성적개변。본문중점개소료CRISPR/Cas9계통재기인조DNA편단파향편집방면적연구화응용,주요포괄DNA편단적산제、반전、중복、삽입화역위,저일유효적DNA편단편집방법위연구기인공능、조공원건、조직발육화질병발생발전제공료유력수단。본문최후전망료Ⅱ형CRISPR/Cas9계통적응용전경화기타류형CRISPR계통적응용잠력,위개전이용기인조DNA편단파향편집진행기인조공화공능연구제공삼고。
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) system from bacteria and archaea emerged recently as a new powerful technology of genome editing in vir-tually any organism. Due to its simplicity and cost effectiveness, a revolutionary change of genetics has occurred. Here, we summarize the recent development of DNA fragment editing methods by CRISPR/Cas9 and describe tar-geted DNA fragment deletions, inversions, duplications, insertions, and translocations. The efficient method of DNA fragment editing provides a powerful tool for studying gene function, regulatory elements, tissue development, and disease progression. Finally, we discuss the prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 system and the potential applications of other types of CRISPR system.