CAJ | 학술논문

果业是烟台地区的传统优势产业，也是劳动密集型产业，劳动力变化情况对果业生产产生极大影响。文章对全市农村从业人员年龄、数量和劳动力成本变化情况进行调研，分析劳动力变化对烟台果业生产的影响，并结合国内外果业发展趋势，提出相应的措施与建议。结果表明，全市农村劳动力人口逐年减少，呈老龄化趋势，造成果园雇工成本迅速升高，人均果园种植面积增加，部分费工费力、劳动强度大的技术逐渐被果农放弃，部分省力化管理技术得到快速普及；为应对劳动力变化，应加强果农专业技术培训，吸引更多人从事果业生产种植；加强抗病、优质新品种和新砧木培育，创新栽培模式，推行省力化栽培管理技术，将果园用工和劳动强度降到最低。
과업시연태지구적전통우세산업，야시노동밀집형산업，노동력변화정황대과업생산산생겁대영향。문장대전시농촌종업인원년령、수량화노동력성본변화정황진행조연，분석노동력변화대연태과업생산적영향，병결합국내외과업발전추세，제출상응적조시여건의。결과표명，전시농촌노동력인구축년감소，정노령화추세，조성과완고공성본신속승고，인균과완충식면적증가，부분비공비력、노동강도대적기술축점피과농방기，부분성력화관리기술득도쾌속보급；위응대노동력변화，응가강과농전업기술배훈，흡인경다인종사과업생산충식；가강항병、우질신품충화신침목배육，창신재배모식，추행성력화재배관리기술，장과완용공화노동강도강도최저。
Fruit industry is the traditional superior industry, and is the labor-intensive industry. The change of agricultural labor force has great impact to fruit production. The agricultural labor age, quantity and costs were invested. Impact and strategy were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the agricultural labor quantity was reducing year by year and aging population has intensified. All these caused labor costs increase sharply and per capita orchard area increased. Some technologies requiring hard labor intensity were given up by farmers, and some labor-saving technologies were speed up quickly. In order to minimize orchard labor and labor intensity, there should be more professional technical trainings for the growers to attract more people to engage in the fruit production. The disease-resistant fruit varieties and new rootstocks cultivation should be improved. Innovating the cultivation mode and extending the labor- saving techniques are conductive to reduce the work force and labor density to the minimum.