CAJ | 학술논문

[目的] 了解上海市60岁以上不同年龄段老年人的死亡特征,为制定公共卫生政策提供依据. [方法] 依据上海市全人群死亡登记系统资料,对2014年60岁以上老年人死亡,按照世界卫生组织新划分的三个年龄段,进行描述性分析. [结果] 2014 年上海市60 岁以上老年人的粗死亡率为3 001.76/10 万,占总死亡的88.37%. 各年龄段老年人的死亡率均为男性高于女性,60~74岁年轻老年人的死亡原因主要是病程短、预后差的癌症和冠心病,75~89岁老老年人的主要死因是病程略长的心脑血管疾病和慢性阻塞性肺疾病,90岁以上的长寿老年人除了心脑血管疾病和慢性阻塞性肺疾病外,机能退化的老衰和跌倒死因明显. 60岁以上老年人中有54.35%在医疗机构中去世,有34.12%的老人在家中死亡,在养老机构中死亡的占6.63%. 非中心城区老年人在家中死亡的比例高,随着年龄增大,老年人在医疗机构死亡的比例下降. [结论] 老年人死亡占全人群死亡的比例大,不同年龄段老年人死亡特征有差异. 需加强医疗、康复资源的合理配置及临终关怀的探索.
[목적] 료해상해시60세이상불동년령단노년인적사망특정,위제정공공위생정책제공의거. [방법] 의거상해시전인군사망등기계통자료,대2014년60세이상노년인사망,안조세계위생조직신화분적삼개년령단,진행묘술성분석. [결과] 2014 년상해시60 세이상노년인적조사망솔위3 001.76/10 만,점총사망적88.37%. 각년령단노년인적사망솔균위남성고우녀성,60~74세년경노년인적사망원인주요시병정단、예후차적암증화관심병,75~89세로노년인적주요사인시병정략장적심뇌혈관질병화만성조새성폐질병,90세이상적장수노년인제료심뇌혈관질병화만성조새성폐질병외,궤능퇴화적로쇠화질도사인명현. 60세이상노년인중유54.35%재의료궤구중거세,유34.12%적노인재가중사망,재양로궤구중사망적점6.63%. 비중심성구노년인재가중사망적비례고,수착년령증대,노년인재의료궤구사망적비례하강. [결론] 노년인사망점전인군사망적비례대,불동년령단노년인사망특정유차이. 수가강의료、강복자원적합리배치급림종관부적탐색.
[ Objective] To discuss the characteristics of death among elderly people aged 60 years and above in Shanghai, who were classified into different age groups, and to provide a basis for making public health policy. [ Methods] On the basis of the data covering whole population death registry system in Shanghai, data on the elders aged 60-plus was collected and classified into 3 age groups according to WHO standards for descriptive analysis. [ Results] The crude death rate among the elders aged 60-plus in shanghai in 2014 was 3 001.76/105 ,accounting for 88.37%of the total mortality.The crude death rate of male was higher than that of female in each age group.The main causes of death in 60-74 age-group were cancer and coronary heart disease ( CHD) which had shorter course of disease with worse prognosis. The main causes of death in 75-89 age-group were cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) which had longer course.The main causes of death in 90-pluse group included functional degradation and accidental fall, apart from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and COPD.And 54.35%of the elders aged 60-plus died in hospital, while 34.12%at home,and 6.63%at nursing home.The proportion of death at home was higher in non-central urban area than in central urban area.And the proportion of death in hospital decreased with increasing age. [ Conclusion] The proportion of the elderly death was large in total mortality.As the characteristics of death varied in different age groups, government should adopt different prevention and control measures.Rational allocation of medical and rehabilitation resources, as well as terminal care, need more attention and exploration by all institutions concerned.