CAJ | 학술논문

以早稻品种“陵两优268”为材料，于2014年5月水稻幼穗分化期遭遇低温过程期间（15-19日），在稻田设置3种水层深度即浅水层(CK，水层为0-1cm)、中水层（ZH，水层为3-4cm）及深水层处理（SH，水层为8-10cm）进行对比试验，每2d测定各处理的叶温、叶片光合色素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率以及叶片抗氧化系统酶活性，以探究低温期间水层深度的调温效果。结果表明：（1）在幼穗分化期遭遇低温期间，各处理的叶温普遍低于气温，但相对而言，中水层（ZH）和深水层（SH）处理中早稻叶温较 CK 高，且随着时间延长，高于CK的程度加大。说明一定的水层深度有助于保持叶片温度。（2）低温期间，各处理水稻叶片叶绿素含量均明显降低，但ZH处理叶绿素含量降低程度最小，SH处理降低程度最大。说明ZH处理有利于早稻在低温期间叶片体内叶绿素含量的维持。（3）低温期间，早稻叶片净光合速率Pn、蒸腾速率Tr和水分利用率WUE均显著降低，但ZH处理能有效缓解净光合速率和蒸腾速率的降低，从而提高早稻在幼穗分化期遭遇低温影响时的水分利用率；低温期间，CK处理叶片的净光合速率和蒸腾速率均较高，而ZH处理叶片的水分利用率最高。SH 处理叶片净光合速率低而蒸腾速率高，水分利用率为3个处理中最低。（4）低温期间，各处理早稻叶片体内过氧化氢酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）含量均明显降低，而超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性升高缓慢，过氧化物酶（POD）活性则显著升高。其中3个处理中对早稻叶片体内CAT含量和MAD含量下降的抑制作用表现为ZH＞CK＞SH。ZH处理的叶片体内POD含量变化最小，而SOD含量对温度变化不太敏感，3个处理中SOD含量变化差异不大。3个以水灌溉调温处理均能达到抵抗低温以减缓早稻叶片抗氧化酶活性变化的效果，而ZH处理效果尤为显著。以早稻品種“陵兩優268”為材料，于2014年5月水稻幼穗分化期遭遇低溫過程期間（15-19日），在稻田設置3種水層深度即淺水層(CK，水層為0-1cm)、中水層（ZH，水層為3-4cm）及深水層處理（SH，水層為8-10cm）進行對比試驗，每2d測定各處理的葉溫、葉片光閤色素含量、淨光閤速率、蒸騰速率以及葉片抗氧化繫統酶活性，以探究低溫期間水層深度的調溫效果。結果錶明：（1）在幼穗分化期遭遇低溫期間，各處理的葉溫普遍低于氣溫，但相對而言，中水層（ZH）和深水層（SH）處理中早稻葉溫較 CK 高，且隨著時間延長，高于CK的程度加大。說明一定的水層深度有助于保持葉片溫度。（2）低溫期間，各處理水稻葉片葉綠素含量均明顯降低，但ZH處理葉綠素含量降低程度最小，SH處理降低程度最大。說明ZH處理有利于早稻在低溫期間葉片體內葉綠素含量的維持。（3）低溫期間，早稻葉片淨光閤速率Pn、蒸騰速率Tr和水分利用率WUE均顯著降低，但ZH處理能有效緩解淨光閤速率和蒸騰速率的降低，從而提高早稻在幼穗分化期遭遇低溫影響時的水分利用率；低溫期間，CK處理葉片的淨光閤速率和蒸騰速率均較高，而ZH處理葉片的水分利用率最高。SH 處理葉片淨光閤速率低而蒸騰速率高，水分利用率為3箇處理中最低。（4）低溫期間，各處理早稻葉片體內過氧化氫酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）含量均明顯降低，而超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性升高緩慢，過氧化物酶（POD）活性則顯著升高。其中3箇處理中對早稻葉片體內CAT含量和MAD含量下降的抑製作用錶現為ZH＞CK＞SH。ZH處理的葉片體內POD含量變化最小，而SOD含量對溫度變化不太敏感，3箇處理中SOD含量變化差異不大。3箇以水灌溉調溫處理均能達到牴抗低溫以減緩早稻葉片抗氧化酶活性變化的效果，而ZH處理效果尤為顯著。
이조도품충“릉량우268”위재료，우2014년5월수도유수분화기조우저온과정기간（15-19일），재도전설치3충수층심도즉천수층(CK，수층위0-1cm)、중수층（ZH，수층위3-4cm）급심수층처리（SH，수층위8-10cm）진행대비시험，매2d측정각처리적협온、협편광합색소함량、정광합속솔、증등속솔이급협편항양화계통매활성，이탐구저온기간수층심도적조온효과。결과표명：（1）재유수분화기조우저온기간，각처리적협온보편저우기온，단상대이언，중수층（ZH）화심수층（SH）처리중조도협온교 CK 고，차수착시간연장，고우CK적정도가대。설명일정적수층심도유조우보지협편온도。（2）저온기간，각처리수도협편협록소함량균명현강저，단ZH처리협록소함량강저정도최소，SH처리강저정도최대。설명ZH처리유리우조도재저온기간협편체내협록소함량적유지。（3）저온기간，조도협편정광합속솔Pn、증등속솔Tr화수분이용솔WUE균현저강저，단ZH처리능유효완해정광합속솔화증등속솔적강저，종이제고조도재유수분화기조우저온영향시적수분이용솔；저온기간，CK처리협편적정광합속솔화증등속솔균교고，이ZH처리협편적수분이용솔최고。SH 처리협편정광합속솔저이증등속솔고，수분이용솔위3개처리중최저。（4）저온기간，각처리조도협편체내과양화경매（CAT）、병이철（MDA）함량균명현강저，이초양화물기화매（SOD）활성승고완만，과양화물매（POD）활성칙현저승고。기중3개처리중대조도협편체내CAT함량화MAD함량하강적억제작용표현위ZH＞CK＞SH。ZH처리적협편체내POD함량변화최소，이SOD함량대온도변화불태민감，3개처리중SOD함량변화차이불대。3개이수관개조온처리균능체도저항저온이감완조도협편항양화매활성변화적효과，이ZH처리효과우위현저。
Taking early rice Lingliangyou 268 as a material, a field experiment with 3 water layer treatments was conducted in Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology during panicle primordium stage under low temperature damage (15-19 May) in 2014, which included water layer 0-1cm (CK), water layer 3-4cm (ZH), and water layer 8-10cm (SH). The leaf temperature, content of photosynthetic pigment, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and leaf antioxidant of different treatments were measured every two days, to explore the effect of low temperature on leaf physiological and biochemical characters. The results showed that the leaf temperature of all treatments was lower than the air temperature, and much more obvious with time extension, in which, ZH and SH were higher than CK. This indicated that proper depth water layer was helpful to maintain the leaf temperature. All of the leaf chlorophyll content decreased significantly, with a maximum drop for SH. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE) decreased significantly, with slightly for ZH. Net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of CK were higher than others, while the water use efficiency of leaf of ZH was highest. Net photosynthetic rate of SH decreased and its water use efficiency and transpiration rate increased. The content of catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves of all treatments decreased significantly, with the rate of ZH>CK>SH, while the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased slightly and the peroxidase (POD) activity increased significantly. All these treatments could resistance to low temperature damage and slow the effect of early rice leaf antioxidant enzyme activity change, in which ZH was most effectively.