CAJ | 학술논문

明确影响作物产量的土壤水分阈值，对作物水分亏缺诊断及非充分灌溉实施具有重要意义。本文通过设置不同灌水次数形成土壤供水差异，在河北省衡水试验站开展2011/2012年度冬小麦田间试验，探讨冬小麦产量与7个生育期不同深度土层的土壤水分之间的关系，分析影响冬小麦产量的土壤水分阈值及其动态。结果表明，6个亏水处理与充分供水对照在土壤浅层的水分差异最大，且差异随着土层深度的增加而减小，在0.4、0.8、1.2m土层深度的差异分别为19.7%～36.5%、9.3%～21.7%和2.9%～9.7%。6个亏水处理与对照之间不同土层土壤水分的变异程度随着土层深度增加而减小。不同生育期、不同深度土壤水分含量与小麦籽粒产量之间为二项式函数关系，且呈开口向下的抛物线形式，其显著程度随生育期推进及土层深度而变化。其中0.4m 土层深度水分含量与产量关系最密切。影响小麦产量的土壤水分阈值随着生育期推进总体呈下降趋势。自拔节孕穗期至乳熟期，0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2以及1.6m土层深度的水分阈值由田持的83.1%～95%降至72.3%～90.0%。依据对照与亏水处理之间的土壤水分动态差异、全生育期平均土壤水分差异、不同土层土壤水分变异程度、土壤水分与小麦产量动态关系显著性程度4个方面的分析，提出0.4m 为适宜的水分亏缺诊断深度，相应地拔节孕穗、抽穗、开花、灌浆初期、灌浆中期、灌浆后期、乳熟期的土壤水分阈值分别为95.0%、98.4%、79.9%、73.7%、88.6%、79.6%和75.7%。
명학영향작물산량적토양수분역치，대작물수분우결진단급비충분관개실시구유중요의의。본문통과설치불동관수차수형성토양공수차이，재하북성형수시험참개전2011/2012년도동소맥전간시험，탐토동소맥산량여7개생육기불동심도토층적토양수분지간적관계，분석영향동소맥산량적토양수분역치급기동태。결과표명，6개우수처리여충분공수대조재토양천층적수분차이최대，차차이수착토층심도적증가이감소，재0.4、0.8、1.2m토층심도적차이분별위19.7%～36.5%、9.3%～21.7%화2.9%～9.7%。6개우수처리여대조지간불동토층토양수분적변이정도수착토층심도증가이감소。불동생육기、불동심도토양수분함량여소맥자립산량지간위이항식함수관계，차정개구향하적포물선형식，기현저정도수생육기추진급토층심도이변화。기중0.4m 토층심도수분함량여산량관계최밀절。영향소맥산량적토양수분역치수착생육기추진총체정하강추세。자발절잉수기지유숙기，0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2이급1.6m토층심도적수분역치유전지적83.1%～95%강지72.3%～90.0%。의거대조여우수처리지간적토양수분동태차이、전생육기평균토양수분차이、불동토층토양수분변이정도、토양수분여소맥산량동태관계현저성정도4개방면적분석，제출0.4m 위괄의적수분우결진단심도，상응지발절잉수、추수、개화、관장초기、관장중기、관장후기、유숙기적토양수분역치분별위95.0%、98.4%、79.9%、73.7%、88.6%、79.6%화75.7%。
It is important to determine soil water threshold affecting crop yield for diagnosis of crop water stress and practice of deficit irrigation. To achieve this, field experiment of winter wheat with seven treatments, irrigated at different growth stages and supplied with varying irrigation amount to maintain their variation in soil water, was conducted in 2011/2012 at a site in Hengshui, Hebei Province. Relations between yield and soil water of different depth at seven growth stages were examined. Soil water threshold based on yield was explored and its dynamics was revealed. Results showed that the largest difference in soil water between the six deficient treatments and the well watered control occurred at shallow soil depth, and it decreased with deepening of soil layer. The difference was respectively 19.7%-36.5%, 9.3%-21.7% and 2.9%-9.7% at the soil layer of 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2m. In addition, variability of soil water decreased as soil depth increases. Relationship between grain yield of winter wheat and soil water of different depth at varying growth stages was parabolic functions of downward opening, but correlation significance changed with both growth stage and soil depth, being most significant for soil layer of 0. 4m. Soil water threshold based on yield diminished with progression of growth stages, from 83.1%-95% to 72.3%-90.0% of the field water capacity from jointing-booting to milk maturing at soil depth of 0.4, 0.6, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.6m. We recommended 0.4m being the most appropriate soil depth for detecting water deficit based on analysis in four aspects: difference in soil water dynamic and its average over the whole growing season between treatments, soil water variability at different soil depth, significance of the relations between soil water and yield at different growth stage. The corresponding water threshold at jointing-booting, heading, flowering, beginning-, middle -, later of grain filling and milk maturing was respectively 95.0%, 98.4%, 79.9%, 73.7%, 88.6%, 79.6% and 75.7%.