CAJ | 학술논문

为了寻找一种既能使作物高产、优质又环境友好的施肥模式, 在天然降雨条件下, 通过田间小区试验, 研究了5种不同施肥模式 (不施肥、纯施化肥、生物黑炭与化肥共施、有机无机肥配施、有机无机肥配施添加生物黑炭) 对玉米产量、品质、肥料利用率及氮磷径流损失的影响. 结果表明: 与纯施化肥相比, 生物黑炭与化肥共施和有机无机肥配施对玉米产量无明显影响, 有机无机肥配施添加生物黑炭可使玉米产量显著提高21. 14%; 与纯施化肥相比, 生物黑炭与化肥共施、有机无机肥配施、有机无机肥配施添加生物黑炭均可提高粗蛋白含量和氮、磷肥利用率, 其中对粗蛋白含量提高幅度为12. 14% ~19. 64%, 并以有机无机肥配施添加生物黑炭对其提高幅度最大; 与纯施化肥相比, 生物黑炭与化肥共施、有机无机肥配施、有机无机肥配施添加生物黑炭均可显著减少氮、磷径流损失量, 降幅分别为30. 47% ~59. 69%和12. 08% ~31. 22%, 其中, 有机无机肥配施添加生物黑炭的氮素径流损失降幅最大, 生物黑炭与化肥共施的磷素径流损失降幅最大. 因此, 从提高玉米产量、品质, 氮、磷肥利用率以及减少土壤氮、磷径流损失的角度综合考虑, 在旱地作物种植施肥模式中推荐有机无机肥配施添加生物黑炭施肥模式.
위료심조일충기능사작물고산、 우질우배경우호적시비모식, 재천연강우조건하, 통과전간소구시험, 연구료5충불동시비모식 (불시비、 순시화비、 생물흑탄여화비공시、 유궤무궤비배시、 유궤무궤비배시첨가생물흑탄) 대옥미산량、 품질、 비료이용솔급담린경류손실적영향. 결과표명: 여순시화비상비, 생물흑탄여화비공시화유궤무궤비배시대옥미산량무명현영향, 유궤무궤비배시첨가생물흑탄가사옥미산량현저제고21. 14%; 여순시화비상비, 생물흑탄여화비공시、 유궤무궤비배시、 유궤무궤비배시첨가생물흑탄균가제고조단백함량화담、 린비이용솔, 기중대조단백함량제고폭도위12. 14% ~19. 64%, 병이유궤무궤비배시첨가생물흑탄대기제고폭도최대; 여순시화비상비, 생물흑탄여화비공시、 유궤무궤비배시、 유궤무궤비배시첨가생물흑탄균가현저감소담、 린경류손실량, 강폭분별위30. 47% ~59. 69%화12. 08% ~31. 22%, 기중, 유궤무궤비배시첨가생물흑탄적담소경류손실강폭최대, 생물흑탄여화비공시적린소경류손실강폭최대. 인차, 종제고옥미산량、 품질, 담、 린비이용솔이급감소토양담、 린경류손실적각도종합고필, 재한지작물충식시비모식중추천유궤무궤비배시첨가생물흑탄시비모식.
To find environmental sound fertilization modes which can also increase crop yield and quality, a field experiment with summer maize was conducted to study the effects of 5 different fertilization modes ( CK: none fertilization, T1: chemical fertilization, T2: combined application of chemical fertilizer and biochar, T3: combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic manure, T4: combined application of chemical and organic manure and biochar) on yield, quality, fertilizer utiliza-tion efficiency of summer maize and nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses from field. The results showed that compared with T1, T2 and T3 had no significant effect on the yield of maize, but T4 significantly increased the yield of maize by 21. 14%;T2, T3 and T4 increased nitrogen and phosphorus utilization of summer maize, and also increased the content of crude protein by 12. 14% ~19. 64%, in which the effect of T4 was the best. Compared with T1, T2, T3 and T4 all remarkably decreased nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses by 30. 47% ~59. 69% and 12. 08% ~31. 22% respectively, in which the effect of T4 on nitrogen runoff loss was the best and effect of T2 on phosphorus runoff loss was the best. Therefore, combined application of chemical and organic manure and biochar ( T4 ) was recommended from the comprehensive consideration of improving yield, quality and fertilizer utilization of summer maize and decreasing nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss in the dryland fertilization.