CAJ | 학술논문

氨挥发是稻田氮损失的重要途径之一, 掌握氨挥发规律及主要影响因素对于氮损失的评估及调控具有重要意义. 为揭示嘉兴地区稻田氨挥发主要发生规律, 采用间歇密闭式抽气法, 研究了不同施肥期、化学施氮量及有机肥施用、田面水NH4+ -N浓度等因素对该地区2013年稻田氨挥发速率的影响. 结果表明, 基肥期各施肥处理下的氨挥发速率逐日降低, 氨挥发主要发生在施肥后前5 d, 温度骤降和降雨是造成穗肥期氨挥发速率出现波动性的主要原因, 氨挥发速率均小于N 5 kg·hm-2 ·d-1 , 较基肥期有明显下降; 施氮量与氨挥发总量具有显著的线性正相关性, 不同施肥处理下的氨挥发比例为17% ~28%, N225+M处理对应的氨挥发总量发生跃增, 且氨挥发比例最高, 增施干鸡粪对氨挥发的促进作用不大. 从氮肥高效利用及低损耗的角度出发, 本试验中尿素氮肥施用量应低于N 225 kg·hm-2 , 加强水氮协调也是降低稻田氮素损失的重要手段之一.
안휘발시도전담손실적중요도경지일, 장악안휘발규률급주요영향인소대우담손실적평고급조공구유중요의의. 위게시가흥지구도전안휘발주요발생규률, 채용간헐밀폐식추기법, 연구료불동시비기、 화학시담량급유궤비시용、 전면수NH4+ -N농도등인소대해지구2013년도전안휘발속솔적영향. 결과표명, 기비기각시비처리하적안휘발속솔축일강저, 안휘발주요발생재시비후전5 d, 온도취강화강우시조성수비기안휘발속솔출현파동성적주요원인, 안휘발속솔균소우N 5 kg·hm-2 ·d-1 , 교기비기유명현하강; 시담량여안휘발총량구유현저적선성정상관성, 불동시비처리하적안휘발비례위17% ~28%, N225+M처리대응적안휘발총량발생약증, 차안휘발비례최고, 증시간계분대안휘발적촉진작용불대. 종담비고효이용급저손모적각도출발, 본시험중뇨소담비시용량응저우N 225 kg·hm-2 , 가강수담협조야시강저도전담소손실적중요수단지일.
NH3 volatilization is one of important ways for nitrogen loss. To clarify NH3 volatilization regulations and major in-fluence factors is important for N loss assessment and adjustment. Effects of fertilization period, N application level, the appli-cation of organic fertilizer and NH4+ concentrations on NH3 volatilization were studied to reveal the main characteristic of NH3 volatilization in Jiaxing in 2013 using a method of a continuous air flow enclosure. The results showed that NH3 volatilization mainly occurred in the first 5 days after basal fertilization and NH3 volatilization rate decreased with the time. After topdressing at the panicle initiation stage, NH3 volatilization rate was much lower ( < N 5 kg·hm-2 ·d-1 ) than that after basal fertiliza-tion, and NH3 volatilization in this stage fluctuated due to the falling air temperature and rainfall. There was a positive linear correlation between the amount of NH3 volatilization and N application level, and the percentage of N lost from NH3 was 17% ~28%. As to the treatment of N225+M, the amount of NH3 increased significantly and the percentage of N lost reached the maximum. The improvement of NH3 volatilization by dried chicken manure was little. For the purpose of high utilization and low loss of nitrogen fertilization, N application level should be below 225 kg · hm-2 , and water and nitrogen coordination should be enhanced.