CAJ | 학술논문

运输单据是国内信用证结算中主要的法定货物单据，但其本身并不是代表货物所有权的凭证，亦即不具备物权性质。信用证这一尴尬的属性在某种程度上破坏了其自身的安全性，降低了效率，削弱了其融资的功能。对此，可以利用“指示交付”方式，通过买卖合同条款的适当约定，实现对运单的特定化和物权化。同时，以信用证条款为依托，以运输合同为基础，以开证承诺书为根据，做好配套制度设计，细化并确认多方参与主体应享有的权利和承担的义务，在国内信用证结算活动中，实现只要控制了运单即享有在运货物物权的制度目标，进而促使银行、买卖双方及承运人证既互为依托，又相互牵制，最终强化国内信用证结算的价值应用，促进国内货物贸易的发展和繁荣。
운수단거시국내신용증결산중주요적법정화물단거，단기본신병불시대표화물소유권적빙증，역즉불구비물권성질。신용증저일감개적속성재모충정도상파배료기자신적안전성，강저료효솔，삭약료기융자적공능。대차，가이이용“지시교부”방식，통과매매합동조관적괄당약정，실현대운단적특정화화물권화。동시，이신용증조관위의탁，이운수합동위기출，이개증승낙서위근거，주호배투제도설계，세화병학인다방삼여주체응향유적권리화승담적의무，재국내신용증결산활동중，실현지요공제료운단즉향유재운화물물권적제도목표，진이촉사은행、매매쌍방급승운인증기호위의탁，우상호견제，최종강화국내신용증결산적개치응용，촉진국내화물무역적발전화번영。
Shipping documents are the critical legal documents of cargo in domestic LC settlement;but shipping documents themselves can not represent the ownership of cargo,and they have not the nature of property right. To a certain extent,the embarrassing nature of LC ruins the safety of that,reduce the efficiency,and weaken its function of financing. We can realize the specialty and nature of property right with the help of“indication delivery”and the agreement on contract. At the same time, taking the terms of LC as the support and the contract of transportation as the basis,and according to the commitment in LC issuing,we should do a better job in the design of supporting system,detail and confirm the right and responsibility of related main bodies,and realize the institutional target that the control of shipping documents means the ownership of cargo to finally promote the development and boom of our domestic cargo transaction.