CAJ | 학술논문

综合运输效率高低是衡量运输结构是否合理、方式间是否协调的重要依据.引入SBM-undesirable模型,基于时序演变,系统分析了1979~2012年中国的综合运输效率,并对投入产出要素作定量调整.结果表明,非期望产出对综合运输效率具有显著负影响;1979~2012年中国的综合运输效率呈"凹"字形波动,均值为0.68,其中1999年效率值最低,不及均值一半;从分解效率看,综合运输效率同时受纯技术效率与规模效率的双重影响,且纯技术效率的制约力略强于规模效率,整体呈"综合效率≤纯技术效率≤规模效率";运输从业人员、铁路机车拥有量及死亡人数是影响综合运输效率的前三个重要因素.因此,调整运输资源结构、减少非期望产出和提高技术效率是提升综合运输效率的现实途径.
종합운수효솔고저시형량운수결구시부합리、방식간시부협조적중요의거.인입SBM-undesirable모형,기우시서연변,계통분석료1979~2012년중국적종합운수효솔,병대투입산출요소작정량조정.결과표명,비기망산출대종합운수효솔구유현저부영향;1979~2012년중국적종합운수효솔정"요"자형파동,균치위0.68,기중1999년효솔치최저,불급균치일반;종분해효솔간,종합운수효솔동시수순기술효솔여규모효솔적쌍중영향,차순기술효솔적제약력략강우규모효솔,정체정"종합효솔≤순기술효솔≤규모효솔";운수종업인원、철로궤차옹유량급사망인수시영향종합운수효솔적전삼개중요인소.인차,조정운수자원결구、감소비기망산출화제고기술효솔시제승종합운수효솔적현실도경.
Integrated transportation efficiency is an important index for evaluating transport structure and coordination state. This paper gives a systematic analysis on integrated transportation efficiency in China from 1979 to 2012 based on the temporal evolution by introducing SBM-undesirable. A quantitative adjustment is made on i-o elements. Results show that:Undesirable output has a significant negative impact on transport efficiency; Integrated efficiency from 1979 to 2012 is concave-shape fluctuation, wherein the average value is 0.68 and the lowest efficiency in 1999 is less than half the average;From the decomposition efficiency perspective, integrated efficiency is affected by pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency simultaneously, where constraints force of pure technical efficiency is stronger, i.e.,"overall efficiency≤pure technical efficiency ≤scale efficiency"; Transport staffs, locomotive ownership and death toll are the three main factors affecting transport efficiency. Therefore, adjusting transport resource structure, reducing undesirable output and improving technical efficiency is the realistic path to improve transport efficiency.