CAJ | 학술논문

针对华南沙泥田烟区因土壤碳氮比失调而导致烟叶香气质稍差、香气量不足的问题,通过比较不同w(C)/w(N)比有机肥配施对烤烟各生育期根际土壤碳、氮转化及酶活性的影响,阐明不同碳氮比有机肥介导的土壤酶催化反应对根际土壤养分转化的调控机理.在田间条件下,研究了不同碳氮比的花生饼肥和猪粪配施有机肥对沙泥田烤烟根际土壤Nmin、微生物C、N转化及酶活性的影响.结果表明:w(C)/w(N)=15-36的有机肥能显著提高烤烟生育前期对氮素吸收和累积,降低生育后期氮素吸收和累积;w(C)/w(N)=25处理时烤烟根际土壤NH4+-N含量在整个生育期内呈降低趋势,而硝态氮呈增加趋势,且在团棵期、旺长期时显著高于现蕾期和成熟期,而土壤Nmin随生育期呈降低趋势,这与烟株吸氮规律较吻合.与对照相比,施用有机肥显著增加大田烟株根际土壤微生物碳、氮含量.w(C)/w(N)=25、36处理在烟株旺长期-成熟期时根际土壤微生物量氮显著高于w(C)/w(N)=15、52处理,表明w(C)/w(N)=25~36处理显著提高后期氮固持,减少后期氮供应,抵御氮的奢侈吸收.w(C)/w(N)=25、36时烟株根际土壤转化酶活性随生育进程降低,但团棵期和旺长期时高于其他处理;w(C)/w(N)=25、36处理烟株根际土壤脲酶活性在团棵时较高,根际氮素转化较为活跃,而后逐渐降低;各处理过氧化氢酶活性在团棵-现蕾期随生育进程增强;w(C)/w(N)=25、36 处理现蕾期和成熟期时过氧化氢酶活性显著高于其他处理.从整个生育期来看,在同等施氮量下,w(C)/w(N)=25~36的有机肥处理的烤烟根际土壤脲酶活性呈现先上升后下降,之后趋于稳定的变化趋势,有利于烟株前期的旺盛生长和后期氮代谢及时向碳代谢转化.该研究表明增施有机肥可不同程度提高烤烟团棵期-成熟期时根际Nmin含量,有机肥在w(C)/w(N)=25~36时能增加烤烟生育前期对氮素的吸收与累积,而降低生育后期N的过量吸收,从而有助于烟叶后期的品质建成. 針對華南沙泥田煙區因土壤碳氮比失調而導緻煙葉香氣質稍差、香氣量不足的問題,通過比較不同w(C)/w(N)比有機肥配施對烤煙各生育期根際土壤碳、氮轉化及酶活性的影響,闡明不同碳氮比有機肥介導的土壤酶催化反應對根際土壤養分轉化的調控機理.在田間條件下,研究瞭不同碳氮比的花生餅肥和豬糞配施有機肥對沙泥田烤煙根際土壤Nmin、微生物C、N轉化及酶活性的影響.結果錶明:w(C)/w(N)=15-36的有機肥能顯著提高烤煙生育前期對氮素吸收和纍積,降低生育後期氮素吸收和纍積;w(C)/w(N)=25處理時烤煙根際土壤NH4+-N含量在整箇生育期內呈降低趨勢,而硝態氮呈增加趨勢,且在糰棵期、旺長期時顯著高于現蕾期和成熟期,而土壤Nmin隨生育期呈降低趨勢,這與煙株吸氮規律較吻閤.與對照相比,施用有機肥顯著增加大田煙株根際土壤微生物碳、氮含量.w(C)/w(N)=25、36處理在煙株旺長期-成熟期時根際土壤微生物量氮顯著高于w(C)/w(N)=15、52處理,錶明w(C)/w(N)=25~36處理顯著提高後期氮固持,減少後期氮供應,牴禦氮的奢侈吸收.w(C)/w(N)=25、36時煙株根際土壤轉化酶活性隨生育進程降低,但糰棵期和旺長期時高于其他處理;w(C)/w(N)=25、36處理煙株根際土壤脲酶活性在糰棵時較高,根際氮素轉化較為活躍,而後逐漸降低;各處理過氧化氫酶活性在糰棵-現蕾期隨生育進程增彊;w(C)/w(N)=25、36 處理現蕾期和成熟期時過氧化氫酶活性顯著高于其他處理.從整箇生育期來看,在同等施氮量下,w(C)/w(N)=25~36的有機肥處理的烤煙根際土壤脲酶活性呈現先上升後下降,之後趨于穩定的變化趨勢,有利于煙株前期的旺盛生長和後期氮代謝及時嚮碳代謝轉化.該研究錶明增施有機肥可不同程度提高烤煙糰棵期-成熟期時根際Nmin含量,有機肥在w(C)/w(N)=25~36時能增加烤煙生育前期對氮素的吸收與纍積,而降低生育後期N的過量吸收,從而有助于煙葉後期的品質建成.
침대화남사니전연구인토양탄담비실조이도치연협향기질초차、향기량불족적문제,통과비교불동w(C)/w(N)비유궤비배시대고연각생육기근제토양탄、담전화급매활성적영향,천명불동탄담비유궤비개도적토양매최화반응대근제토양양분전화적조공궤리.재전간조건하,연구료불동탄담비적화생병비화저분배시유궤비대사니전고연근제토양Nmin、미생물C、N전화급매활성적영향.결과표명:w(C)/w(N)=15-36적유궤비능현저제고고연생육전기대담소흡수화루적,강저생육후기담소흡수화루적;w(C)/w(N)=25처리시고연근제토양NH4+-N함량재정개생육기내정강저추세,이초태담정증가추세,차재단과기、왕장기시현저고우현뢰기화성숙기,이토양Nmin수생육기정강저추세,저여연주흡담규률교문합.여대조상비,시용유궤비현저증가대전연주근제토양미생물탄、담함량.w(C)/w(N)=25、36처리재연주왕장기-성숙기시근제토양미생물량담현저고우w(C)/w(N)=15、52처리,표명w(C)/w(N)=25~36처리현저제고후기담고지,감소후기담공응,저어담적사치흡수.w(C)/w(N)=25、36시연주근제토양전화매활성수생육진정강저,단단과기화왕장기시고우기타처리;w(C)/w(N)=25、36처리연주근제토양뇨매활성재단과시교고,근제담소전화교위활약,이후축점강저;각처리과양화경매활성재단과-현뢰기수생육진정증강;w(C)/w(N)=25、36 처리현뢰기화성숙기시과양화경매활성현저고우기타처리.종정개생육기래간,재동등시담량하,w(C)/w(N)=25~36적유궤비처리적고연근제토양뇨매활성정현선상승후하강,지후추우은정적변화추세,유리우연주전기적왕성생장화후기담대사급시향탄대사전화.해연구표명증시유궤비가불동정도제고고연단과기-성숙기시근제Nmin함량,유궤비재w(C)/w(N)=25~36시능증가고연생육전기대담소적흡수여루적,이강저생육후기N적과량흡수,종이유조우연협후기적품질건성.
The problem of the deficiency of the aroma quality and the aroma of tobacco in Southern China is the result of the imbalance of soil carbon and nitrogen. The effects ofw(C)/w(N) of organic fertilizer on the soil carbon and nitrogen conversion and soil enzyme activities in different stages of flue-cured tobacco were studied, and the regulation mechanism of differentw(C)/w(N) of organic fertilizer on the soil nutrient conversion was studied. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of the different C/N ratio on the soil C and N characteristics in flue-cured tobacco. Four differentlevels of thew(C)/w(N) (w(C)/w(N)=15, 25, 36 and 52) were designed with peanut cake and the pig manure, to see the change of the soil Nmin, water soluble C, microbial transformation of C, N and the enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil. The results showed that, compared with control, the application of the organic fertilizer significantly increased the soil microbial biomass C and N. The microbial biomass N of thew(C)/w(N)=25 and thew(C)/w(N)=36 treatment was significantly higher than that of thew(C)/w(N)=15and thew(C)/w(N)=52 treatment during the prosperous to the maturity stage, which showed thatw(C)/w(N)=25-36 could increase the nitrogen fixing and decreased the nitrogen supply in the later stage of the tobacco growth. The soil enzyme activity inw(C)/w(N)=25 andw(C)/w(N)= 36 treatment was reduced with the plant growth and development, which was still higher than other treatments during the rosette stage and the vigorous growing period; the soil urease activity ofw(C)/w(N)=25 and 36 treatment was higher during the rosette stage, and the soil nitrogen transformation was more active, then it was gradually decreased, which was in accordance with the demand of flue cured tobacco growth; The soil catalase activity ofw(C)/w(N)=25 andw(C)/w(N)=36 treatment was enhanced during the rosette and the budding stage, which was higher than that of the other treatments during the budding and mature stage. The organic fertilizer could increase the soil Nmin content during the rosette mature stage, andw(C)/w(N)=25-36 treatment increased the N uptake and accumulation at the early growth stage, and significantly decreased that in the later growth stage, which was satisfied with the demand of the N absorption for the tobacco.