CAJ | 학술논문

对2014年整个养殖周期中南美白对虾养殖池塘的水样和沉积物进行采集,分析其中磺胺类药物的残留及其耐药细菌的变化,探讨其存在和分布与时间、空间及水产养殖活动的相关性,在此基础上对耐药细菌进行分离、鉴定并研究其生长性能.研究结果显示,在整个养殖季节中,池塘水体中磺胺类的变化呈低-高-低的变化趋势,养殖前、中、后期水体中磺胺类药物的平均浓度为0.437、1.691和0.503 ng·mL-1;而沉积物中的磺胺类药物的含量是逐渐递增的,养殖前、中、后期的平均含量为2.110、4.059和6.090 ng·g-1.池塘水体的可培养细菌数量在5.50×104~1.20×105 CFU·mL-1间,呈先升后降的趋势,沉积物中的可培养细菌数量在9.83×105~1.86×106 CFU·g-1间,呈不断上升的趋势,且沉积物中的可培养细菌数量较同期水体中高 10~100 倍.在相同浓度的磺胺二甲基嘧啶作用下,沉积物中的耐药细菌数量显著高于同期水体中的耐药细菌数量,高10~100倍.从养殖池塘沉积物和水体中分离到2株磺胺类药物的耐药菌株NHA1401和NHA1402,经细菌生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析,NHA1401和NHA1402同属奇异变形杆菌属(Proteus mirabilis).磺胺类药物浓度越大,其对菌株NHA1401和NHA1402的生长压力越大,NHA1401菌株对磺胺类药物的耐受性要强于NHA1402.研究表明,养殖池塘环境中的磺胺类药物与养殖过程有关,沉积物是养殖环境中耐药细菌的主要存在场所.为保护环境和水产品质量,必须对抗生素的使用严加管控.
대2014년정개양식주기중남미백대하양식지당적수양화침적물진행채집,분석기중광알류약물적잔류급기내약세균적변화,탐토기존재화분포여시간、공간급수산양식활동적상관성,재차기출상대내약세균진행분리、감정병연구기생장성능.연구결과현시,재정개양식계절중,지당수체중광알류적변화정저-고-저적변화추세,양식전、중、후기수체중광알류약물적평균농도위0.437、1.691화0.503 ng·mL-1;이침적물중적광알류약물적함량시축점체증적,양식전、중、후기적평균함량위2.110、4.059화6.090 ng·g-1.지당수체적가배양세균수량재5.50×104~1.20×105 CFU·mL-1간,정선승후강적추세,침적물중적가배양세균수량재9.83×105~1.86×106 CFU·g-1간,정불단상승적추세,차침적물중적가배양세균수량교동기수체중고 10~100 배.재상동농도적광알이갑기밀정작용하,침적물중적내약세균수량현저고우동기수체중적내약세균수량,고10~100배.종양식지당침적물화수체중분리도2주광알류약물적내약균주NHA1401화NHA1402,경세균생리생화감정화16S rDNA서렬분석,NHA1401화NHA1402동속기이변형간균속(Proteus mirabilis).광알류약물농도월대,기대균주NHA1401화NHA1402적생장압력월대,NHA1401균주대광알류약물적내수성요강우NHA1402.연구표명,양식지당배경중적광알류약물여양식과정유관,침적물시양식배경중내약세균적주요존재장소.위보호배경화수산품질량,필수대항생소적사용엄가관공.
Water and sediment samples were collected from a vannamei pond during an entire breeding cycle in 2014. Sulfonamide residues and the variations of resistant bacterial strains were analyzed. The relationships between their existence, spatial and temporal distribution, and aquaculture activities, were investigated. The resistant bacterial strains were isolated, identified and their growth performance studied. The results obtained during the entire breeding season indicated that a low-high-low trend of sulfonamides in pond water, with the average concentrations of the early, middle, late culture in water for sulfonamides were 0.437, 1.691 and 0.503 ng·mL-1 respectively. The resultant sediment sulfonamide content observed gradual increment as compared to the registered average concentration for the early, middle and late culture stages with 2.110, 4.059 and 6.090 ng·g-1 respectively. Bacteria amounts isolated from water were observed to show an increment reduction trend from 1.20×105 to 5.50×104 CFU·mL-1, while the sediment bacterial amounts registered a rising trend ranging from 9.83×105 to 1.86×106 CFU·g-1. The sediment cultured bacteria were 10~100 times higher than the water cultured bacteria during the same growing period. Similarly in unified concentration of sulfamethazine, the amounts of resistant bacteria in the sediments were 10~100 times significantly higher than those in water. Two sulfonamides resistant strains NHA1401 and NHA1402 were identified from the pond sediment and water respectively. The microbial physiological and biochemical test results and our analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, suggested that NHA1401 and NHA1402 belonged to the family Proteus mirabilis. Increment of the sulfonamides concentration resulted in the growth of pressure strain NHA1401 and NHA1402. Higher concentrations of sulfonamides resulted in more pressure to the growth of NHA1401 and NHA1402 strains. Our results suggested that NHA1401 had a stronger sulfonamides resistance as compared to the NHA1402 strain. This research shows that sulfonamides are associated with the breeding process in aquaculture ponds and that sediment is the main niche for drug-resistant bacteria in aquaculture environment. It is deemed necessary to strictly control the use of antibiotics for the purpose of protecting the aquatic environment and product quality.