CAJ | 학술논문

为探讨天然三倍体滁州鲫的系统进化地位，采用直接测序法获得滁州鲫线粒体基因组。其序列全长为16581 bp，碱基组成为31.6% A、26.2% T、16.1% G和26.1% C，包括13个蛋白质基因、22个tRNA基因、2个rRNA基因和1个非编码区，各基因的位置及组成与已公布的鲤科鱼类一致。除tRNA-Ser (AGY)外，其他21个tRNA的二级结构均具有典型的三叶草结构；13个蛋白编码基因中，除COⅠ起始密码子为GTG外，其余均以ATG为起始密码子；COⅡ、ND3、ND4和Cytb基因的终止密码子为不完整的T，其他9个基因均具有完整的终止密码子TAA或TAG。序列分析表明，滁州鲫与其他鲫属鱼类(方正银鲫A系和D系、鲫、淇河鲫、萍乡肉红鲫、黑鲫、日本白鲫和日本银鲫)在线粒体基因组上均具有较高的序列同源性(>94%)。以鲤(Cyprinus carpio haematopterus)为外类群，基于线粒体13个蛋白质基因的核苷酸与氨基酸序列构建上述鲫属鱼类的系统进化树，结果显示，滁州鲫与方正银鲫亲缘关系最近，与黑鲫最远。综合以上研究结果，认为滁州鲫应为银鲫亚种的一个地方种群。
위탐토천연삼배체저주즉적계통진화지위，채용직접측서법획득저주즉선립체기인조。기서렬전장위16581 bp，감기조성위31.6% A、26.2% T、16.1% G화26.1% C，포괄13개단백질기인、22개tRNA기인、2개rRNA기인화1개비편마구，각기인적위치급조성여이공포적리과어류일치。제tRNA-Ser (AGY)외，기타21개tRNA적이급결구균구유전형적삼협초결구；13개단백편마기인중，제COⅠ기시밀마자위GTG외，기여균이ATG위기시밀마자；COⅡ、ND3、ND4화Cytb기인적종지밀마자위불완정적T，기타9개기인균구유완정적종지밀마자TAA혹TAG。서렬분석표명，저주즉여기타즉속어류(방정은즉A계화D계、즉、기하즉、평향육홍즉、흑즉、일본백즉화일본은즉)재선립체기인조상균구유교고적서렬동원성(>94%)。이리(Cyprinus carpio haematopterus)위외류군，기우선립체13개단백질기인적핵감산여안기산서렬구건상술즉속어류적계통진화수，결과현시，저주즉여방정은즉친연관계최근，여흑즉최원。종합이상연구결과，인위저주즉응위은즉아충적일개지방충군。
Chuzhou Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus in Chuzhou) is one of the natural gynogenetic crucian carp originated from Anhui Province in China. It belongs to the genus ofCarassius within the family of Cyprinidae. To investigate the species status of this fish, we performed the direct DNA sequencing on the PCR products of the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The total length of the mtDNA was 16581 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and a non-coding control region. The composition and location of genes in the mitochondrial genome of Chuzhou Crucian Carp were consistent with those of Cyprinidae fishes published in GenBank. The tRNA genes formed typical secondary structures except for tRNA-Ser (AGY). The COⅠ gene had GTG as its initiation codon, and the other 12 protein-coding genes had ATG as the initiation codon. Among the 13 protein-coding genes, 9 had complete stop codons but COⅡ, ND3, ND4 and Cytb had an incomplete T as the stop codon. Sequence analysis showed that there was high similarity between the mtDNA sequences of Chuzhou Crucian Carp and other species in genusCarassius recorded in GenBank (>94%). The nucleotide composition of Chuzhou Crucaian Carp was 31.6% (A), 26.2% (T), 16.1% (G) and 26.2% (C). We conducted the phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial genomes of 9Carassius fishes and 1Cyprinus carpio, based on their nucleotide and amino acid sequences of all protein-coding genes. The results indicated that the phylogenetic relationship betweenC. auratus gibelio in Chuzhou and in Fangzheng was the closest whileC. auratus gibelio in Chuzhou andCarassius carassius was the farthest. Our study may provide basic data and contribute to the classification ofCarassius and Cyprinidae fishes.