CAJ | 학술논문

结合基于细菌16S rRNA基因的T-RFLP技术与克隆测序技术，对象山港三疣梭子蟹、脊尾白虾混养模式下改良塘M1(塘底铺网四周铺砂)以及传统塘M2(土塘)水体不同季节细菌群落结构和多样性进行分析。结果显示，M1、M2养殖塘水体细菌群落主要由变形纲门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)组成。养殖过程中，细菌群落结构随时间发生了显著变化，不同养殖塘水体细菌群落结构变化的方向不同。M1养殖塘水体由放线菌门主导的群落结构向蓝藻菌门以及变形菌门主导的群落结构发展，M2养殖水体由蓝藻菌门主导的向变形纲门主导的群落结构发展，说明养殖后期改良塘水体有利于蓝藻细菌的生长。无论是M1还是M2，拟杆菌门在8-9月含量最高，且养殖过程中在M2水体的含量始终高于M1。随着养殖时间的推移，M1养殖塘水体细菌群落由多样性指数高的稳定性结构向多样性指数低的不稳定性结构转变，而M2水体养殖后期仍保持较高的多样性指数。PCA分析结果显示，M1养殖塘水体细菌群落差异性大于 M2，说明 M2水体细菌群落对环境变化的抵御能力大于 M1。相关性分析结果显示，不同养殖塘水体细菌群落分布受环境的影响效应不同。
결합기우세균16S rRNA기인적T-RFLP기술여극륭측서기술，대상산항삼우사자해、척미백하혼양모식하개량당M1(당저포망사주포사)이급전통당M2(토당)수체불동계절세균군락결구화다양성진행분석。결과현시，M1、M2양식당수체세균군락주요유변형강문(Proteobacteria)、의간균문(Bacteroidetes)、방선균문(Actinobacteria)、람조문(Cyanobacteria)조성。양식과정중，세균군락결구수시간발생료현저변화，불동양식당수체세균군락결구변화적방향불동。M1양식당수체유방선균문주도적군락결구향람조균문이급변형균문주도적군락결구발전，M2양식수체유람조균문주도적향변형강문주도적군락결구발전，설명양식후기개량당수체유리우람조세균적생장。무론시M1환시M2，의간균문재8-9월함량최고，차양식과정중재M2수체적함량시종고우M1。수착양식시간적추이，M1양식당수체세균군락유다양성지수고적은정성결구향다양성지수저적불은정성결구전변，이M2수체양식후기잉보지교고적다양성지수。PCA분석결과현시，M1양식당수체세균군락차이성대우 M2，설명 M2수체세균군락대배경변화적저어능력대우 M1。상관성분석결과현시，불동양식당수체세균군락분포수배경적영향효응불동。
The dynamic changes and diversity of bacterial communitiesin two types of ponds (M1: pond with sand around and netted bottom, M2: traditional soil pond) ofPortunus trituberculatus-exopalaemon carinicauda polyculture in different seasons were investigated by the technology of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis based on bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene and cloning. The results showed that the bacterial communities in both M1 and M2 consisted of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidete, Actinobacteria, and Cyanobacteria. The composition of bacteria community changed dramatically with breeding time with various compositions in different ponds. The bacterial community in M1 is composed of Actinomycetes, Cyanobacterium and Proteobacteria, while the bacterial community in M2 included Cyanobacterium and proteobacteria, indicating that M1 was conducive to the growth of Cyanobacteria. The highest relative abundances of Bacteroidetes were in August and September in both M1 and M2, and M2 always has higher relative abundances of Bacteroidetes than M1 during the whole farming time. The bacterial community of M1 pond changed from high diversity index and stability structure to low diversity index and instability structure over breeding time, while bacterial community of M2 pond remained high diversity index in the late breeding time. PCA analysis showed that the seasonal variations of bacterioplankton were much more obvious in M1 than M2, indicating the greater ability of M2 to resist environmental change than M1. Correlation analysis results indicated that environmental factors have different effects on bacteria community of each pond water.