CAJ | 학술논문

鸟体形状及撞击方向对鸟撞分析影响较大。真实鸟体形状复杂，不同鸟类外形、大小各异，研究中常用简化替代模型模拟。4种常见鸟体替代模型为球体、圆柱体、两端半球－中间圆柱体及椭球体。实际鸟撞事故中，鸟可能从头、尾、翼及腹部等不同方向撞击飞机，所致影响不尽相同。对此，建立真实形状鸟体撞击刚性靶有限元模型，研究不同撞击方向对鸟撞分析影响；进行4种简化鸟体替代模型分析，并与真实形状鸟体分析结果对比，研究替代模型对真实形状不同撞击方向的适用性。结果表明，不同撞击方向对分析结果影响较大，腹部冲击力极值最大，冲击持时最短；头、尾部冲击极值较小。腹部冲击动能衰减最快、最多，尾、翼部次之，头部最慢。尾部与两端半球－中间圆柱体撞击计算结果吻合较好；腹部与椭球体长边侧撞击计算结果吻合较好；头、翼部与替代模型计算结果吻合较差。
조체형상급당격방향대조당분석영향교대。진실조체형상복잡，불동조류외형、대소각이，연구중상용간화체대모형모의。4충상견조체체대모형위구체、원주체、량단반구－중간원주체급타구체。실제조당사고중，조가능종두、미、익급복부등불동방향당격비궤，소치영향불진상동。대차，건립진실형상조체당격강성파유한원모형，연구불동당격방향대조당분석영향；진행4충간화조체체대모형분석，병여진실형상조체분석결과대비，연구체대모형대진실형상불동당격방향적괄용성。결과표명，불동당격방향대분석결과영향교대，복부충격력겁치최대，충격지시최단；두、미부충격겁치교소。복부충격동능쇠감최쾌、최다，미、익부차지，두부최만。미부여량단반구－중간원주체당격계산결과문합교호；복부여타구체장변측당격계산결과문합교호；두、익부여체대모형계산결과문합교차。
Birdshapeandstrikeorientationaretwoveryimportantfactorsaffectingtheaccuracyofbirdstrike analysis.The realistic bird has a complex configuration and there are different bird types with different body shapes,so researchers often use simple configurations to model birds in bird strike events.There are four substitute bird models most-frequently employed in literatures,they are sphere,straight-ended cylinder,hemispherical-ended cylinder and ellipsoid. During a bird strike event,a bird can strike an airplane from its head,tail,abdomen or wings.These orientations have different effects on the response of an airplane part.Firstly,a realistic bird model was established to study the effect of its strike orientation.The results obtained by using the four substitute bird models were compared with those using a realistic bird model in order to determine the best substitute bird model for modeling the force exerted by a real bird with different strike orientations.It was shown that the striking orientation of a bird has a big influence on the impact force;the impact force obtained by striking from abdomen is the largest and the impact duration is the shortest while those obtained by striking from head and tail are relatively less;meanwhile,the kinetic energy loss of bird tends to be most and fastest for striking from abdomen,for strikings from wing and tail they are second,for striking from head it is the smallest;besides, for string from tail,a hemispherical-ended cylinder model has the best results and for striking from abdomen,an ellipsoid model striking from its long side is the best substitute model,while for striking from head and wing,no substitute models are better.