CAJ | 학술논문

以杨木粉为原料制备出纳米纤维素( CNF),然后采用物理预处理法和聚氧化乙烯( PEO)分散剂法利用CNF增强木粉/高密度聚乙烯( HDPE)复合材料,通过挤出成型的方式制备CNF/HDPE/木粉复合材料。以直接干混法制备的复合材料为对照样,比较了2种预处理方法对CNF的分散程度和对木塑复合材料的增强效果,并对样品的微观形貌和力学特性进行了分析与测定。结果表明：经酸碱处理和研磨处理可有效去除杨木中的半纤维素和木质素,并得到直径几百纳米的纤维素纤丝。 SEM分析表明,2种预处理方式制备的CNF/HDPE/木粉复合材料都取得了较好的分散效果,纤维不再是以分散相填充在塑料中,而是以三维网状细丝结构穿刺于塑料和木粉颗粒中,复合材料由脆性断裂变为韧性断裂。力学性能测试结果表明,2种预处理方式制备的CNF/HDPE/木粉复合材料的抗弯强度和弹性模量都有了显著的提高,当CNF的添加量为20%时,利用物理预处理法和PEO分散剂法制备的复合材料的抗弯强度为43.3和38.7 MPa,相比于对照样(31.8 MPa),分别提高了36.2%和21.7%,弹性模量为3342和3008 MPa,相比于对照样(2243 MPa),分别提高了48.9%和34.1%,均达到了预期的增强效果；且物理预处理法增强效果更好,是一种环保而有效的预处理方法。
이양목분위원료제비출납미섬유소( CNF),연후채용물리예처리법화취양화을희( PEO)분산제법이용CNF증강목분/고밀도취을희( HDPE)복합재료,통과제출성형적방식제비CNF/HDPE/목분복합재료。이직접간혼법제비적복합재료위대조양,비교료2충예처리방법대CNF적분산정도화대목소복합재료적증강효과,병대양품적미관형모화역학특성진행료분석여측정。결과표명：경산감처리화연마처리가유효거제양목중적반섬유소화목질소,병득도직경궤백납미적섬유소섬사。 SEM분석표명,2충예처리방식제비적CNF/HDPE/목분복합재료도취득료교호적분산효과,섬유불재시이분산상전충재소료중,이시이삼유망상세사결구천자우소료화목분과립중,복합재료유취성단렬변위인성단렬。역학성능측시결과표명,2충예처리방식제비적CNF/HDPE/목분복합재료적항만강도화탄성모량도유료현저적제고,당CNF적첨가량위20%시,이용물리예처리법화PEO분산제법제비적복합재료적항만강도위43.3화38.7 MPa,상비우대조양(31.8 MPa),분별제고료36.2%화21.7%,탄성모량위3342화3008 MPa,상비우대조양(2243 MPa),분별제고료48.9%화34.1%,균체도료예기적증강효과；차물리예처리법증강효과경호,시일충배보이유효적예처리방법。
The poplar cellulose nanofibers ( CNF ) were extracted from poplar flour and used to reinforce the wood flour/high density polyethylene ( HDPE ) composite by physical pretreatment method and polyethylene oxide ( PEO ) dispersion agent method. Then the wood flour/HDPE/CNF composites were prepared by extruding molding. The effect of dispersion and reinforcement of CNF in the wood flour/HDPE/CNF composites was investigated by a comparioson of two pretreatment methods using compounding method as control . The results indicated that CNF with a diameter of several hundred nanometers could be achieved successfully after the effectively removing of the lignin and hemicellulose of poplar by chemical and mechanical treatments. SEM images showed that an ideal dispersion of CNF in the HDPE matrix of the the wood flour/HDPE/CNF composites could be obtained by using these two pretreatment methods. CNF were entangled with wood flour and HDPE matrix forming a three-dimensional network structure, and the fracture mode of the composites became the ductile fracture. The bending strength and elastic modulus of the wood flour/HDPE/CNF composites prepared with the two pretreatment methods were improved evidently. The bending strengths of the composites by the physical pretreatment method and the PEO dispersion agent method were 43. 3 and 38. 7Mpa,which was increased by 36. 2% and 21. 7% respectively compared to the control 31. 8 MPa. The elastic modulus of the composites were 3 342 and 3 008 MPa with these two pretreatment methods, increasing by 48. 9% and 34. 1%than the control 2 243 MPa. The bending strength and elastic modulus of the composites with the physical pretreatment method were higher than those of the composites with the PEO dispersion agent method. This indicated that the physical pretreatment method was an environmental friendly and effective method.