CAJ | 학술논문

水生动物毒性实验一般都是在实验室条件下进行的，忽略了天然水体中各种环境因子和暴露方式的影响。较全面地讨论了水体中溶解性有机质、悬浮颗粒物、混合污染物、pH、温度和硬度等几种环境因子存在条件下化学品对水生动物的生态毒性效应，阐述了非稳定暴露方式下毒理学研究应考虑毒性机制、初始暴露浓度、持续时间以及暴露频率等几个方面，简要探讨了几种非稳定暴露生态毒理学模型的优缺点。为更好预测和评价化学品对水生动物生态风险，今后的研究重点是环境因子对化学品毒性效应的影响及化学品生态毒理学模型以及水生动物远离污染物后机体各项指标的恢复。
수생동물독성실험일반도시재실험실조건하진행적，홀략료천연수체중각충배경인자화폭로방식적영향。교전면지토론료수체중용해성유궤질、현부과립물、혼합오염물、pH、온도화경도등궤충배경인자존재조건하화학품대수생동물적생태독성효응，천술료비은정폭로방식하독이학연구응고필독성궤제、초시폭로농도、지속시간이급폭로빈솔등궤개방면，간요탐토료궤충비은정폭로생태독이학모형적우결점。위경호예측화평개화학품대수생동물생태풍험，금후적연구중점시배경인자대화학품독성효응적영향급화학품생태독이학모형이급수생동물원리오염물후궤체각항지표적회복。
Nowadays,most of the aquatic toxicity experiments are conducted in conventional toxicity testing procedures based on the dose-response relationship under simplified laboratory conditions,and this method ignores the effect of envi?ronmental factors and the style of exposure in the natural water body. The influence of environmental factors are discussed such as the dissolved organic matter,suspended particles,mixture contaminants,pH,temperature,hardness,and other water quality characteristics on toxicity of chemicals to aquatic animals. It is summarized that we should consider about the fluctuating or pulsed exposure in the research,such as the toxicity mechanisms,post-exposure concentration,the dura?tion and frequency of pulses,and so on. And also an overview is presented of advantage and disadvantage of several ecologi?cal toxicity models for fluctuating or pulsed exposure. In order to make a better prediction and evaluation to the ecological risk assessment of chemical pollutants,it is pointed out that more research should be put on the influence of environmental factors on toxicity of chemicals to aquatic animals,ecological toxicity models and the recovery of aquatic animals following the exposure.