暴雨灾害
暴雨災害
폭우재해
Torrential Rain and Disasters
2015年
3期
249-253
,共5页
暴雨雨型%重现期%降雨历时%雨峰
暴雨雨型%重現期%降雨歷時%雨峰
폭우우형%중현기%강우력시%우봉
storm pattern%return period%rainfall durations%rainfall peak
采用宜昌市国家基本气象站1956-2013年共58 a的逐分钟降雨过程资料,分别利用P&C法和芝加哥法推求宜昌市区重现期2 a历时30、60、90、120、150、180 min以5 min为单位时段的设计暴雨雨型,并分析比较两种方法所得结果的差异.结果表明:利用P&C法推求的宜昌市区各降雨历时设计暴雨雨型基本呈单峰型,历时30、60 min设计暴雨雨型雨峰位置基本处于降雨过程的1/3分位,而历时120、150、180 min基本处于甚至超前于1/4分位;利用芝加哥法推求设计的宜昌市区暴雨雨型雨峰位置基本处于甚至超前于降雨过程的1/3分位,雨峰降雨强度虽随着历时的增加整体呈现减小-增大-减小的波动趋势,但是峰值差异较小;P&C法和芝加哥法推求的宜昌市区短历时设计暴雨雨型都具有"单峰型、速度快、高强度、持续久"的特点,因此当短历时暴雨发生时,水利、水文、住建、防洪等部门应在第一时间做好排水排涝准备.
採用宜昌市國傢基本氣象站1956-2013年共58 a的逐分鐘降雨過程資料,分彆利用P&C法和芝加哥法推求宜昌市區重現期2 a歷時30、60、90、120、150、180 min以5 min為單位時段的設計暴雨雨型,併分析比較兩種方法所得結果的差異.結果錶明:利用P&C法推求的宜昌市區各降雨歷時設計暴雨雨型基本呈單峰型,歷時30、60 min設計暴雨雨型雨峰位置基本處于降雨過程的1/3分位,而歷時120、150、180 min基本處于甚至超前于1/4分位;利用芝加哥法推求設計的宜昌市區暴雨雨型雨峰位置基本處于甚至超前于降雨過程的1/3分位,雨峰降雨彊度雖隨著歷時的增加整體呈現減小-增大-減小的波動趨勢,但是峰值差異較小;P&C法和芝加哥法推求的宜昌市區短歷時設計暴雨雨型都具有"單峰型、速度快、高彊度、持續久"的特點,因此噹短歷時暴雨髮生時,水利、水文、住建、防洪等部門應在第一時間做好排水排澇準備.
채용의창시국가기본기상참1956-2013년공58 a적축분종강우과정자료,분별이용P&C법화지가가법추구의창시구중현기2 a력시30、60、90、120、150、180 min이5 min위단위시단적설계폭우우형,병분석비교량충방법소득결과적차이.결과표명:이용P&C법추구적의창시구각강우력시설계폭우우형기본정단봉형,력시30、60 min설계폭우우형우봉위치기본처우강우과정적1/3분위,이력시120、150、180 min기본처우심지초전우1/4분위;이용지가가법추구설계적의창시구폭우우형우봉위치기본처우심지초전우강우과정적1/3분위,우봉강우강도수수착력시적증가정체정현감소-증대-감소적파동추세,단시봉치차이교소;P&C법화지가가법추구적의창시구단력시설계폭우우형도구유"단봉형、속도쾌、고강도、지속구"적특점,인차당단력시폭우발생시,수리、수문、주건、방홍등부문응재제일시간주호배수배로준비.
In this paper, fifty-eight year rainfall data of Yichang National Basic Meteorological Observing Station from 1956 to 2013 are used to investigate the designed storm pattern at Yichang by P&C and Chicago methods, which is based on the time-intervals of 5 minutes to make an analysis of storm pattern over Yichang on 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min of 2 years return period. The results show that nearly all the designed storm pattern of all rainfall durations in Yichang by P&C method presents a single-peak pattern. The rainfall peak of the de-signed storm pattern on 30, 60 min is located at 1/3 over the whole rainfall period, while being1/4 on 120, 150, 180 min. The rainfall peak of the designed storm pattern by Chicago method on all rainfall durations over 2 years return period is located at 1/3 over the whole rainfall peri-od. Although the rainfall intensity of rainfall peak presents a trend of decreasing-increasing-decreasing as the rainfall duration increases, the amplitude of variation is small. There are some common features of short duration storm patterns by P&C and Chicago methods, such as"single-peak pattern, fast speed, high intensity, and long-lasting". So, the departments of the water conservancy bureau, the hydrology bureau, the residential construction and the flood control need to prepare for drainage early on, when the short duration storm happens.
