CAJ | 학술논문

稀土开采总量控制是我国为保护和合理利用稀土资源开展的一项管制政策，该政策在防止稀土资源过度开采、促进稀土行业规模化发展、应对 WTO 稀土诉讼、调节市场供应等方面发挥了积极作用，但是在实施过程中也面临着一些问题，如该政策对私挖盗采行为无约束作用，工程建设剥离稀土量难以控制，冶炼分离产能远超指标约束下的供应能力，指令性计划与开采总量控制指标下达存在不匹配现象。本文通过跟踪与分析稀土开采总量控制政策的执行效果，提出了针对离子型稀土资源下达开采总量控制指标、开采总量控制指标管理政策与稀土大企业大集团战略相配合、工程建设剥离的离子型稀土回收严格纳入总量控制管理、加强总量控制政策的监管与落实等建议。
희토개채총량공제시아국위보호화합리이용희토자원개전적일항관제정책，해정책재방지희토자원과도개채、촉진희토행업규모화발전、응대 WTO 희토소송、조절시장공응등방면발휘료적겁작용，단시재실시과정중야면림착일사문제，여해정책대사알도채행위무약속작용，공정건설박리희토량난이공제，야련분리산능원초지표약속하적공응능력，지령성계화여개채총량공제지표하체존재불필배현상。본문통과근종여분석희토개채총량공제정책적집행효과，제출료침대리자형희토자원하체개채총량공제지표、개채총량공제지표관리정책여희토대기업대집단전략상배합、공정건설박리적리자형희토회수엄격납입총량공제관리、가강총량공제정책적감관여락실등건의。
Total-amount-control policy on rare earth mining is a regulation policy to protect and rationally utilize rare earth resources in China.This policy has played the positive role in aspects of preventing overexploitation of the rare earth resource,promoting large-scale development in rare earth industry,responding the WTO litigation,regulating supply on the market.But it also faces with some problems in the implementation process.For instance,the policy does not work for private dig mining action;Amount of rare earths which produce from engineering construction is difficult to control;the capacity of smelting is far more than the supply within total-amount-control;the mandatory producing plan in smelting industry and total-amount-control policy does not match well,etc.This paper offers some proposals based on tracking and analyzing total-amount-control policy.Firstly,total-amount-control policy should apply on ionic rare earth resources;secondly,total-amount-control policy should coordinate with big-enterprise strategy;thirdly,the amount of rare earths which produce from engineering construction should be strictly governed in total-amount-control;fourthly,the key point is to enhance supervision and implementation for this policy.