CAJ | 학술논문

新疆准东煤田煤炭资源丰富,生态环境脆弱,露天采煤活动会造成地表土壤扰动、粉尘污染和植被破坏等生态问题。为了探索干旱区露天煤矿生态安全的科学对策,本文选用已投产运营的神华新疆能源有限责任公司准东矿区技改90万 t/a 露天煤矿为评价对象,以2007年、2009年和2013年为时间点,在 PSR 模型(压力-状态-响应模型,Pressure-State-Response)框架下,选取适宜的生态安全评价因子,构建露天煤矿生态安全评价指标体系,运用主成分分析法进行综合评价,并界定生态安全等级,结果表明：该矿区2007年生态安全处于临界安全状态,2009年处于较不安全状态,2013年超出了生态安全分级中极不安全的最小值,矿区生态安全形势严峻。建议当地尽快建设生态安全监测与预警系统,严格控制污染源的排放量、严格控制水资源消耗,同时重点开展排土场的生态恢复工作,以缓解煤炭开采、经济发展与环境保护之间日益加剧的矛盾。
신강준동매전매탄자원봉부,생태배경취약,로천채매활동회조성지표토양우동、분진오염화식피파배등생태문제。위료탐색간한구로천매광생태안전적과학대책,본문선용이투산운영적신화신강능원유한책임공사준동광구기개90만 t/a 로천매광위평개대상,이2007년、2009년화2013년위시간점,재 PSR 모형(압력-상태-향응모형,Pressure-State-Response)광가하,선취괄의적생태안전평개인자,구건로천매광생태안전평개지표체계,운용주성분분석법진행종합평개,병계정생태안전등급,결과표명：해광구2007년생태안전처우림계안전상태,2009년처우교불안전상태,2013년초출료생태안전분급중겁불안전적최소치,광구생태안전형세엄준。건의당지진쾌건설생태안전감측여예경계통,엄격공제오염원적배방량、엄격공제수자원소모,동시중점개전배토장적생태회복공작,이완해매탄개채、경제발전여배경보호지간일익가극적모순。
Zhundong region of Xinjiang is known for its rich coal resources,while the ecological environment is very fragile.Open pit mining activities in recent years will result in surface soil disturbance, ecological problems,such as dust and vegetation deterioration.In order to explore the scientific countermeasures of ecological safety in arid zone opencast,Shenhua Xinjiang Energy Co.,Ltd,which has been put into operation and the production capacity is 900,000 tons/year after the technical innovation,was chosen for the study.The paper set the time point at 2007,2009 and 2013,the appropriate ecological security evaluation factors were selected in the pressure-state-response model framework,then the evaluation index system of ecological was built and the opencast coal mine safety was comprehensively evaluated with principal component analysis and the ecological security level was defined.The results show:the mine in 2007 ecology security is a critical security state,in 2009 in a relatively unsafe condition,in 2013 beyond the ecological security classification extremely unsafe minimum,mine ecological security situation is grim.The paper recommends the local government to construct ecological security monitoring and early warning system as soon as possible,strictly control the emissions sources,strictly control the water consumption, while the focus on ecological restoration work of the dump to alleviate the growing contradiction between coal mining,economic development and environmental protection.