山东农业大学学报（自然科学版）
山東農業大學學報（自然科學版）
산동농업대학학보（자연과학판）
Journal of Shandong Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition)
2015年
5期
682-687
,共6页
土地整理%景观连接度%生境
土地整理%景觀連接度%生境
토지정리%경관련접도%생경
Land consolidation%habitat connectivity%habitat
生境景观连接度是反映生物多样性保护和景观功能的重要指标之一，利用景观连接度方法可将生物个体和种群的扩散距离和行为反应纳入土地整理效应分析之中。本文基于景观连接度理论方法，以竹镇镇重点土地整理项目区双龙村为研究区，利用GIS平台和Conefor26软件，选择反映不同物种空间扩散能力的10个景观距离阈值，探讨了土地整理项目区整理前后不同景观阈值下连接度的变化，并尝试在剔除沟渠的情况下，分析土地整理前后，景观结构与功能的变化。在此基础上分析了整理前后各生境斑块对景观连接度的重要程度，识别重要斑块变化规模与空间范围，从功能角度评价整理后的生态效应。结果表明：整理后的IIC和PC值分别比整理前平均降低了45.58%、39.03%，因此土地整理对当地景观连接度造成了不利影响；土地整理形成的人工沟渠网络在较低距离阈值范围内对景观的连接起着重要作用；巨型斑块对生境斑块景观连通性的贡献大且稳定；基于图论的连接度分析法，能同时体现景观的结构连接度及功能连接度，还能较好反映景观破碎化、识别垫脚石斑块。该方法不仅能用于测度土地整理的生态效应，还可为土地整理项目区的生态用地结构、布局等提供理论参考。
生境景觀連接度是反映生物多樣性保護和景觀功能的重要指標之一，利用景觀連接度方法可將生物箇體和種群的擴散距離和行為反應納入土地整理效應分析之中。本文基于景觀連接度理論方法，以竹鎮鎮重點土地整理項目區雙龍村為研究區，利用GIS平檯和Conefor26軟件，選擇反映不同物種空間擴散能力的10箇景觀距離閾值，探討瞭土地整理項目區整理前後不同景觀閾值下連接度的變化，併嘗試在剔除溝渠的情況下，分析土地整理前後，景觀結構與功能的變化。在此基礎上分析瞭整理前後各生境斑塊對景觀連接度的重要程度，識彆重要斑塊變化規模與空間範圍，從功能角度評價整理後的生態效應。結果錶明：整理後的IIC和PC值分彆比整理前平均降低瞭45.58%、39.03%，因此土地整理對噹地景觀連接度造成瞭不利影響；土地整理形成的人工溝渠網絡在較低距離閾值範圍內對景觀的連接起著重要作用；巨型斑塊對生境斑塊景觀連通性的貢獻大且穩定；基于圖論的連接度分析法，能同時體現景觀的結構連接度及功能連接度，還能較好反映景觀破碎化、識彆墊腳石斑塊。該方法不僅能用于測度土地整理的生態效應，還可為土地整理項目區的生態用地結構、佈跼等提供理論參攷。
생경경관련접도시반영생물다양성보호화경관공능적중요지표지일，이용경관련접도방법가장생물개체화충군적확산거리화행위반응납입토지정리효응분석지중。본문기우경관련접도이론방법，이죽진진중점토지정리항목구쌍룡촌위연구구，이용GIS평태화Conefor26연건，선택반영불동물충공간확산능력적10개경관거리역치，탐토료토지정리항목구정리전후불동경관역치하련접도적변화，병상시재척제구거적정황하，분석토지정리전후，경관결구여공능적변화。재차기출상분석료정리전후각생경반괴대경관련접도적중요정도，식별중요반괴변화규모여공간범위，종공능각도평개정리후적생태효응。결과표명：정리후적IIC화PC치분별비정리전평균강저료45.58%、39.03%，인차토지정리대당지경관련접도조성료불리영향；토지정리형성적인공구거망락재교저거리역치범위내대경관적련접기착중요작용；거형반괴대생경반괴경관련통성적공헌대차은정；기우도론적련접도분석법，능동시체현경관적결구련접도급공능련접도，환능교호반영경관파쇄화、식별점각석반괴。해방법불부능용우측도토지정리적생태효응，환가위토지정리항목구적생태용지결구、포국등제공이론삼고。
Habitat landscape connectivity is one of important index for measuring biodiversity conservation and landscape function sustainability. The landscape connectivity approach based on graph theory used in land consolidation effect analysis is able to take organism individual and its behavior into consideration. In this paper, we take a land consolidation project area, where is located in Shuanglong village, Zhuzhen town of Nanjing, as a study area. The GIS and Conefor 26 software are employed to calculate the landscape connectivity metrics and patch important value. Ten distance thresholds including 10 m, 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 500 m, 700 m, 1000 m, 1500 m, 2000 m, 3000 m that reflecting the spatial diffuse capability of different species were selected for analyzing the habitat landscape connectivity change before and after land consolidation respectively. The situation of with and without ditches before and after land consolidation was considered as well to compare the landscape structure and function changes. Then we test the contribution of each habitat patch to landscape connectivity and identify the variation range and spatial scope of important habitat patch due to land consolidation project. The results show:(1) Integrated index of connectivity (IIC) and probability connectivity (PC) index were decreasing by 45.58%and 39.03%for land consolidation. And the consolidation shows a negative impact on habitat connectivity. (2) The increasing ditch network due to the consolidation can improve the connectivity at lower distance threshold range. (3) The habitat patch with larger area size will always contribute a lot to connectivity. (4) The connectivity approach based on graph theory can used to measure landscape structure connectivity and function connectivity , and to test landscape fragmentation and identify the stepping stones for species. Therefore the approach is good for ecological effect evaluation for land consolidation, and can provide a guide for planning the composition and configuration of habitat or ecological land in a land consolidation project area.
