CAJ | 학술논문

当前拖欠物业费案件中，司法判例对于“滞纳金”本质和性质的认定仍未明晰、统一。物业费“滞纳金”本质上系逾期付款违约金，但司法实践对“滞纳金”的违约金性质或者说类型却闪烁其词。延伸到其他合同领域，惩罚性违约金这一提法也极少出现在生效判决中，这或许缘于现行制定法上并无惩罚性违约金这一概念。但是，惩罚性违约金作为固有意义上的违约金，基于合同自由原则，应当在司法实践中得到正名。从其内涵出发，惩罚性违约金的界定可以通过“四步走”来进行甄别。违约金性质的二元区分应当成为违约金制度的立法出发点，同时也应当是违约金司法干预机制的指导原则。
당전타흠물업비안건중，사법판례대우“체납금”본질화성질적인정잉미명석、통일。물업비“체납금”본질상계유기부관위약금，단사법실천대“체납금”적위약금성질혹자설류형각섬삭기사。연신도기타합동영역，징벌성위약금저일제법야겁소출현재생효판결중，저혹허연우현행제정법상병무징벌성위약금저일개념。단시，징벌성위약금작위고유의의상적위약금，기우합동자유원칙，응당재사법실천중득도정명。종기내함출발，징벌성위약금적계정가이통과“사보주”래진행견별。위약금성질적이원구분응당성위위약금제도적입법출발점，동시야응당시위약금사법간예궤제적지도원칙。
Nowadays, on the judicial practice of property service fee disputes, the nature of the"overdue fine"is not clear or unified in cases. The overdue fine of property service fee is liquidated damages essentially; yet our judicial practice is humming and hawing. Extending to the other types of contract, the application of the punitive liquidated damages is rare in effective judgment documents, probably because it hasn't been accepted in the existing law. However, as a natural existing, the punitive liquidated damages deserves a rectification of name, according to freedom of contract. On account of the meaning of punitive liquidated damages, its definition can be drawn from four steps, and the discussion of its nature can be a starting point of its legislative practice, as well as a guiding principle for its judicial intervention.