CAJ | 학술논문

目的：了解兰州市中小学生近视患病状况，为中小学生近视的预防和控制提供科学依据。方法横断面调查研究。采取分层整群随机抽样的方法，随机抽取兰州市城关区、七里河区、安宁区各1所小学、初中及高中，再从每个年级随机抽取1个班作为调查对象，普查其眼科情况，包括普通视力、眼压（IOP）、电脑验光、光学相干生物测量仪（IOLMaster）检查等。不同年级之间各屈光参数进行单因素方差分析，等效球镜度（SE）与各屈光参数关系采用Pearson线性相关分析，不同年级及性别之间近视患病率差异比较采用卡方检验。结果总共抽查兰州市中小学生1802人（3604眼），近视的患病率为71.50%，其中男、女生近视患病率分别为70.61％、72.55％，差异有统计学意义（字2=10.43，P<0.05）。小学、初中、高中近视患病率依次为51.1%、88.1%、94.5%，小学一年级至高中三年级各年级近视患病率分别为17.7％、36.4％、49.6％、64.8%、64.8%、75.7%、81.6%、90.4%、93.2%、93.4%、94.5%、95.4%，各个年级间近视患病率差异具有统计学意义（字2=1501，P<0.05）。眼轴长度随着年级增高也呈增长趋势（小学一年级、初中一年级及高中三年级之间相互比较，P＜0.05），裸眼视力（UCVA）随着年级增高呈下降趋势（小学一年级、初中一年级及高中三年级之间相互比较，P＜0.05），角膜曲率随着年级增高未见明显变化趋势。SE与身高、体质量呈中度相关（r=-0.479，P<0.05；r=-0.439，P<0.05），与UCVA、眼轴长度高度相关（r=0.708，P<0.05；r=-0.710，P<0.05），与角膜曲率无相关性（r=0.002，P＞0.05）。结论兰州市中小学生近视患病率高达71.50%，女生高于男生。近视患病率随年级升高而增高，SE与UCVA、眼轴长度相关。
목적：료해란주시중소학생근시환병상황，위중소학생근시적예방화공제제공과학의거。방법횡단면조사연구。채취분층정군수궤추양적방법，수궤추취란주시성관구、칠리하구、안저구각1소소학、초중급고중，재종매개년급수궤추취1개반작위조사대상，보사기안과정황，포괄보통시력、안압（IOP）、전뇌험광、광학상간생물측량의（IOLMaster）검사등。불동년급지간각굴광삼수진행단인소방차분석，등효구경도（SE）여각굴광삼수관계채용Pearson선성상관분석，불동년급급성별지간근시환병솔차이비교채용잡방검험。결과총공추사란주시중소학생1802인（3604안），근시적환병솔위71.50%，기중남、녀생근시환병솔분별위70.61％、72.55％，차이유통계학의의（자2=10.43，P<0.05）。소학、초중、고중근시환병솔의차위51.1%、88.1%、94.5%，소학일년급지고중삼년급각년급근시환병솔분별위17.7％、36.4％、49.6％、64.8%、64.8%、75.7%、81.6%、90.4%、93.2%、93.4%、94.5%、95.4%，각개년급간근시환병솔차이구유통계학의의（자2=1501，P<0.05）。안축장도수착년급증고야정증장추세（소학일년급、초중일년급급고중삼년급지간상호비교，P＜0.05），라안시력（UCVA）수착년급증고정하강추세（소학일년급、초중일년급급고중삼년급지간상호비교，P＜0.05），각막곡솔수착년급증고미견명현변화추세。SE여신고、체질량정중도상관（r=-0.479，P<0.05；r=-0.439，P<0.05），여UCVA、안축장도고도상관（r=0.708，P<0.05；r=-0.710，P<0.05），여각막곡솔무상관성（r=0.002，P＞0.05）。결론란주시중소학생근시환병솔고체71.50%，녀생고우남생。근시환병솔수년급승고이증고，SE여UCVA、안축장도상관。
Objective To understand status of myopia in primary school pupils and middle school students in Lanzhou. Methods By using stratified clustered random sampling , 1 802 primary school pupils and middle school students from Chengguan district, Qilihe district, and Anning district of Lanzhou city, were enrolled in this study. Three schools were firstly chosen in each district, including one primary school, one junior middle school, and one senior middle school. Subsequently one class was randomly selected from each grade to investigate their ophthalmology status , including general visual acuity, intraocular pressure, computer optometry, and refractive parameters (measured by optical coherence biometry, IOLMaster, Zeiss). One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and χ2 test was used to analysis these data . Results A total 1 802 students ( 3 604 eyes ) were under checked. The total prevalence of myopia was 71.50% in primary pupils and middle school students of Lanzhou. The prevalence of myopia were 70.61% and 72.55% in males and females (χ2=10.43, P<0.05). For primary pupils, junior-, and senior middle school students, the prevalence of myopia were 51.1%, 88.1%, and 94.5% respectively. The prevalence of myopia for students range from primary school grade 1 to senior high school grade 3 were 17.7%, 36.4%, 49.6%, 64.8%, 64.8%, 75.7%, 81.6%, 90.4%, 93.2%, 93.4%, 94.5%, and 95.4%, respectively (χ2=1501, P<0.05). With the grade increased, expanded eye axial length (statistical significance between primary school grade 1, junior school grade 1, and high school grade 3, P<0.05), decreased visual acuity (statistical significance between primary school grade 1 , junior school grade 1 , and high school grade 3 , P<0.05), and stable corneal curvature (no statistical significance among all grades, P>0.05) were observed. Correlation analysis showed that refraction had various correlation intensities with different indexes, such as moderate correlation with height and body weight (r=-0.479, P<0.05; r=-0.439, P<0.05), strong correlation with visual acuity and axial length (r=0.708, P<0.05; r=-0.710, P<0.05), and no significant correlation with corneal refractive power (r=0.002, P>0.05). Conclusion The incidence of myopia was high in primary school pupils and middle school students of Lanzhou , with myopia occurred in females more often than in males. The prevalence of myopia increased with increasing grades, and refraction was correlated with visual acuity and axial length.