CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】研究构成壳体的木材剩余物类型、壳体密度和厚度等因素对壳体肥料释放规律的影响，为制造可根据植物生长需要调控肥料释放速度的木材剩余物缓释肥料壳体提供科学指导。【方法】以松木、香椿木材剩余物为原料，制备木材剩余物缓释肥料壳体，采用人工模拟降雨方法，研究构成壳体的类型、密度和厚度等对壳体肥料释放速度的影响。【结果】木材剩余物缓释肥料壳体具有明显的缓释效果，使用壳体的肥料释放期长，释放速度较均匀，90天时，肥料释放率在39.20%以下；而没有使用壳体的肥料初期释放量很大，之后迅速减少，释放期短，90天时，肥料释放率达65.46%。壳体的肥料释放速度与构成壳体的剩余物种类有关，松木壳体的释放速度比香椿木快，至210天时，松木、香椿木壳体的释放率分别为93.01%和74.43%。壳体的肥料释放速度随着壳体厚度增加而减慢，至210天时，6，8及10 mm 3种不同厚度的壳体释放率分别为73.65%，69.59%和64.72%。试验设置的不同密度对壳体的肥料释放速度影响不大，至210天时，0.50，0.55及0.60 g·cm －33种不同密度的壳体肥料释放率分别为69.70%，69.59%和67.87%，差值在1.83%以内。【结论】木材剩余物缓释肥料壳体具有较好的缓释效果。壳体构成的类型、密度和厚度等对木材剩余物缓释肥料壳体的肥料释放规律为：松木壳体的释放速度比香椿木快；壳体密度对壳体的肥料释放速度无明显影响；随着厚度增加，壳体的肥料释放速度减慢。根据构成壳体的材料类型、厚度等特性，能制备可调控肥料释放速度的壳体，其可根据植物对肥料的需求来缓放肥料，供林木、花卉等植物施肥作业使用。
【목적】연구구성각체적목재잉여물류형、각체밀도화후도등인소대각체비료석방규률적영향，위제조가근거식물생장수요조공비료석방속도적목재잉여물완석비료각체제공과학지도。【방법】이송목、향춘목재잉여물위원료，제비목재잉여물완석비료각체，채용인공모의강우방법，연구구성각체적류형、밀도화후도등대각체비료석방속도적영향。【결과】목재잉여물완석비료각체구유명현적완석효과，사용각체적비료석방기장，석방속도교균균，90천시，비료석방솔재39.20%이하；이몰유사용각체적비료초기석방량흔대，지후신속감소，석방기단，90천시，비료석방솔체65.46%。각체적비료석방속도여구성각체적잉여물충류유관，송목각체적석방속도비향춘목쾌，지210천시，송목、향춘목각체적석방솔분별위93.01%화74.43%。각체적비료석방속도수착각체후도증가이감만，지210천시，6，8급10 mm 3충불동후도적각체석방솔분별위73.65%，69.59%화64.72%。시험설치적불동밀도대각체적비료석방속도영향불대，지210천시，0.50，0.55급0.60 g·cm －33충불동밀도적각체비료석방솔분별위69.70%，69.59%화67.87%，차치재1.83%이내。【결론】목재잉여물완석비료각체구유교호적완석효과。각체구성적류형、밀도화후도등대목재잉여물완석비료각체적비료석방규률위：송목각체적석방속도비향춘목쾌；각체밀도대각체적비료석방속도무명현영향；수착후도증가，각체적비료석방속도감만。근거구성각체적재료류형、후도등특성，능제비가조공비료석방속도적각체，기가근거식물대비료적수구래완방비료，공림목、화훼등식물시비작업사용。
Objective]The use of the slow/controlled release fertilizer is the development trend all over the world. In this study,wood residues were used as materials to make a slow release fertilizer shell based on its features of porosity, permeability and biodegradability. The fertilizers were loaded in the shell, and then the slow release rules were investigated by artificial rainfall simulation. The influence of shell’s characteristics such as the species of wood residues, thickness and density of the shell on fertilizer releasing was studied in order to make the controlled release fertilizer shell which could be applied to the trees,flowers and other plants. [Method]The Pinus massoniana and Toona sinensis wood residues were used as raw materials to manufacture wood residues slow release fertilizer shell. The influence of shell’s characteristics including the species of wood residues,the thickness and density of the shell on release rules of fertilizer were studied by artificial rainfall simulation. The artificial rainfall simulation could be controlled well and avoid the uncertainty and contingency of the natural rainfall.[Result]The results showed that the shell could slow down the release of fertilizer and keep a relatively stable release rate. In the control group without the shell,the initial release rate increased sharply and then fell down dramatically. The release rate was about 65. 46% at the 90 d compared with less than 39. 20% in the experimental group which represented a longer effective period of the fertilizer in the shell. The species of wood residues had great influence on release rate. The release rate was about 93. 01% in Pinus massoniana shell at 210 d compared with 74. 43% in Toona sinensis shell. Furthermore,the thickness of the shell also had significant influence on release rate. With the increase of the thickness of the shell,release rate of fertilizer presented a decreasing trend. The release rate of three groups with different thickness of 6 mm,8 mm and 10 mm were 73. 65%,69. 59% and 64. 72% at 210 d,respectively. However the density of the shell had little influence on release rate. The release rate of three groups with different density of 0. 50 g·cm -3 ,0. 55 g·cm -3 and 0. 60 g·cm -3 were 69. 70%,69. 59% and 67. 87% at 210 d, respectively.[Conclusion]Wood residues shell had an obviously slow release effect. The influence of the species of wood residues and the thickness of the shell on release rules of fertilizer were as follows: the release rate of fertilizer in Pinus massoniana shell was faster than that in Toona sinensis shell. With the increase of the thickness of the shell,release rate of fertilizer exhibited a decreasing trend. However,the density of the shell had little influence on release rate in this study. By selecting different species of wood residues and making different thickness of the shell,the controlled release fertilizer could be realized to meet the needs of different plants.