CAJ | 학술논문

冷冻胚胎是在现代辅助生殖技术飞速发展过程中产生的，它是体外受精——胚胎移植技术应用的产物。在司法实践中，法律对冷冻胚胎的法律性质、权利归属以及继承权缺乏相关的规定，由此导致了一系列的纠纷，亟需法律对其有一个明确的定位。冷冻胚胎尽管具有孕育成生命的潜质，但因还未出生，依照我国《民法通则》的规定，其在法律属性上不具备民事权利能力，不能成为民事法律关系的主体，因此只能是“物”。但是，冷冻胚胎不是一般的“物”，因其具有孕育成生命的潜质，也就具有部分人格尊严的属性，应为具有人格权属性的特定伦理物。意欲成为父母而通过手术产生冷冻胚胎的夫妻是冷冻胚胎的权利人，在权利人死亡后，其可以作为遗产被继承人所继承。但是，基于冷冻胚胎具有孕育生命的潜质属性，其继承人享有的是受限制的管理和处分权。
냉동배태시재현대보조생식기술비속발전과정중산생적，타시체외수정——배태이식기술응용적산물。재사법실천중，법률대냉동배태적법률성질、권리귀속이급계승권결핍상관적규정，유차도치료일계렬적규분，극수법률대기유일개명학적정위。냉동배태진관구유잉육성생명적잠질，단인환미출생，의조아국《민법통칙》적규정，기재법률속성상불구비민사권리능력，불능성위민사법률관계적주체，인차지능시“물”。단시，냉동배태불시일반적“물”，인기구유잉육성생명적잠질，야취구유부분인격존엄적속성，응위구유인격권속성적특정윤리물。의욕성위부모이통과수술산생냉동배태적부처시냉동배태적권리인，재권리인사망후，기가이작위유산피계승인소계승。단시，기우냉동배태구유잉육생명적잠질속성，기계승인향유적시수한제적관리화처분권。
Frozen embryo came into existence in the rapid development of modern assisted reproductive technology as a byproduct of in-vitro fertilization and embryo transplantation technology. In the practice of justice,a series of disputes occur due to the absence of relevant laws and regulations on frozen embryo’s legal nature,its right owners and inheritance,which urges a clear definition of frozen embryo’s legal status. Though the frozen embryo possesses the potential of becoming a solid being,it hasn’t been born as a living being. On the one hand,according to the regulations of General Principles of Civil Law, the frozen embryo does not have the capacity of rights and cannot be defined as the subject in civil legal relationship;it must be an“object”. On the other hand,it cannot be simply defined as an ordinary“object”,but a specific ethical object which has the potential to grow into a human being and therefore possess partial personality. The couple willing to be the parents by surgery is the right owner of the frozen embryo. After the death of the right owners,the frozen embryo can be inherited as heritage by the heir. However,due to its potential to become real living being,the heir only enjoys restricted right of supervision and disposal to the frozen embryo.