CAJ | 학술논문

目的分析四川省某市中学教师职业应激与疾病的关系,为评价教师职业应激的长期效应提供依据.方法以中学教师为目标人群,分别于1999、2005和2009年采用分层整群抽样法抽取四川省某市中学教师780、119和447人.利用职业应激量表修订版(OSI-R)和工作能力指数(WAI)量表调查中学教师的职业应激和现患疾病情况,比较不同时期中学教师职业应激的变化特点,评价应激水平与疾病的关系,在此基础上分析这种关系的时期变化效应.结果某市中学教师职业应激反应水平不同时间段存在差异(P＜0.05),2009与1999年相比,中度和高度生理应激和心理应激的比例明显增高(P＜0.05),职业应激强度和心血管系统、呼吸系统、精神系统疾病存在趋势特征,心理应激反应异常对所有慢性病、呼吸系统疾病、精神系统疾病患病风险比值比(OR)分别是1.88、2.25、5.91.仅呼吸系统疾病的患病风险OR值具有明显时间效应,随时间推移,应激反应导致呼吸系统疾病风险增加(P＜0.05).生理应激会增加精神系统疾病风险,OR值为2.31.结论某市中学教师职业心理应激程度不同时间段存在差异,职业应激会增加某些疾病的患病风险并且呼吸系统疾病存在时期效应,需对中学教师职业应激进行关注和干预.
목적 분석사천성모시중학교사직업응격여질병적관계,위평개교사직업응격적장기효응제공의거.방법 이중학교사위목표인군,분별우1999、2005화2009년채용분층정군추양법추취사천성모시중학교사780、119화447인.이용직업응격량표수정판(OSI-R)화공작능력지수(WAI)량표조사중학교사적직업응격화현환질병정황,비교불동시기중학교사직업응격적변화특점,평개응격수평여질병적관계,재차기출상분석저충관계적시기변화효응.결과 모시중학교사직업응격반응수평불동시간단존재차이(P＜0.05),2009여1999년상비,중도화고도생리응격화심리응격적비례명현증고(P＜0.05),직업응격강도화심혈관계통、호흡계통、정신계통질병존재추세특정,심리응격반응이상대소유만성병、호흡계통질병、정신계통질병환병풍험비치비(OR)분별시1.88、2.25、5.91.부호흡계통질병적환병풍험OR치구유명현시간효응,수시간추이,응격반응도치호흡계통질병풍험증가(P＜0.05).생리응격회증가정신계통질병풍험,OR치위2.31.결론 모시중학교사직업심리응격정도불동시간단존재차이,직업응격회증가모사질병적환병풍험병차호흡계통질병존재시기효응,수대중학교사직업응격진행관주화간예.
Objective To analyze the relationship between occupational stress and diseases in secondary school teachers in a city of Sichuan Province,and to provide a basis for the evaluation of the longterm effects of occupational stress in teachers.Methods With secondary school teachers as the target population,the stratified cluster sampling was adopted to conduct three studies among 780,119,and 689 secondary school teachers in a city of Sichuan Province in 1999,2005,and 2009,respectively.The Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised Edition(OSI-R) and working ability index (WAI) were used to investigate occupational stress and diseases in secondary school teachers.The variation of occupational stress in secondary school teachers was compared between different periods and the relationship between the intensity of stress and diseases was evaluated,on the basis of which the variation of the relationship over time was analyzed.Results There were significant differences in occupational stress in secondary school teachers between different periods (P ＜0.05).The incidence rates of medium and high physiological stress and psychological stress were significantly higher in 2009 than in 1999 (P＜0.05).Compared with the year of 1999,the intensity of occupational stress in 2009 changed with cardiovascular,respiratory,and mental diseases.The incidence of abnormal psychological stress was a risk factor for all chronic,respiratory,and mental diseases (OR:1.88,2.25,and 5.91).The time dependence of odds ratio was only found in the risk of respiratory diseases:occupational stress resulted in a significant increase in the risk of respiratory diseases over time (P＜0.05).Physiological stress was a risk factor for mental diseases (OR=2.31).Conclusion The intensity of occupational stress in secondary school teachers changes over time.Occupational stress elevates the risks of certain diseases and has a timedependent effect on the risk of respiratory diseases.Occupational stress in secondary school teachers needs more attention and effective prevention.