CAJ | 학술논문

目的探讨职业病患者的生活质量(QOL)与伤残等级的关系,以及生活质量的影响因素.方法 2013年12月至2014年5月,采用整群抽样方法选择3家职业病专科医院和1家综合医院职业病科住院期间的职业病患者255例,进行世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)问卷和一般情况问卷(包括伤残等级)调查.结果职业病患者QOL各领域得分从高到低依次为社会领域(11.48±2.86)、心理领域(10.60±2.28)、生理领域(10.54±1.65)、环境领域(10.50±2.55),其分值明显低于常模(P＜0.05).不同伤残等级职业病患者QOL比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期3组尘肺病患者QOL差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);尘肺患者按轻、中、重肺功能损伤分为3组,其中轻度肺功能损伤患者生理领域、环境领域QOL明显高于中重度肺功能患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).职业中毒按诊断标准分为轻、中、重度,3组比较QOL差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).多因素回归分析显示,QOL各领域得分主要受肺功能损伤程度、并发症、病程、发病年龄、收入、从业状态的影响.结论职业病患者的QOL明显下降,伤残等级不能准确反映职业病患者的QOL;治疗职业病患者应以治疗并发症为主,同时更应关注QOL的提高.
목적 탐토직업병환자적생활질량(QOL)여상잔등급적관계,이급생활질량적영향인소.방법 2013년12월지2014년5월,채용정군추양방법선택3가직업병전과의원화1가종합의원직업병과주원기간적직업병환자255례,진행세계위생조직생존질량측정량표간표(WHOQOL-BREF)문권화일반정황문권(포괄상잔등급)조사.결과 직업병환자QOL각영역득분종고도저의차위사회영역(11.48±2.86)、심리영역(10.60±2.28)、생리영역(10.54±1.65)、배경영역(10.50±2.55),기분치명현저우상모(P＜0.05).불동상잔등급직업병환자QOL비교,차이무통계학의의(P＞0.05).Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ기3조진폐병환자QOL차이무통계학의의(P＞0.05);진폐환자안경、중、중폐공능손상분위3조,기중경도폐공능손상환자생리영역、배경영역QOL명현고우중중도폐공능환자,차이유통계학의의(P＜0.05).직업중독안진단표준분위경、중、중도,3조비교QOL차이무통계학의의(P＞0.05).다인소회귀분석현시,QOL각영역득분주요수폐공능손상정도、병발증、병정、발병년령、수입、종업상태적영향.결론 직업병환자적QOL명현하강,상잔등급불능준학반영직업병환자적QOL;치료직업병환자응이치료병발증위주,동시경응관주QOL적제고.
Objectiv To investigate the relationship between the quality of life (QOL) and disability level in patients with occupational disease and to investigate the influencing factors for QOL.Methods A total of 255 patients with occupational disease were selected from three specialized hospitals dedicated to occupational disease and the department of occupational medicine of one comprehensive hospital using cluster sampling from December 2013 to May 2014.A survey was carried out using WHOQOL-BREF and general questionnaire (including disability level),and statistical analysis was also performed using t test,F test,analysis of variance,and multivariate stepwise regression analysis.Results The QOL scores of patients with occupational diseases,from high to low,were social domain (11.48±2.86),psychological domain (10.60±2.28),physiological domain (10.54±1.65),and environmental domain (10.50±2.55),scores of which were significantly lower than the normal levels (P＜0.05).QOL showed no significant differences between patients with occupational diseases of different disability levels (P＞0.05).Also,QOL showed no significant differences between stage Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ patients with pneumoconiosis (P＞0.05).The patients with pneumoconiosis were divided into mild,moderate,and severe groups,and the QOL scores of patients with mild pneumoconiosis in psychological and environmental domains were significantly higher than those of the patients with moderate or severe pneumoconiosis (P＜0.05).Patients with occupational poisoning was divided into mild,moderate and severe groups,and the three groups showed no significant differences in QOL score (P＞0.05).Multivariate regression analysis showed that the QOL score of each domain was mainly influenced by the degree of lung injury,complications,course of disease,age of onset,income,and employment status.Conclusion The QOL of patients with occupational disease is significantly reduced,and disability level cannot accurately reflect their QOL.The treatment of patients with occupational disease should focus on their complications,and at the same time QOL should also be improved.