中华劳动卫生职业病杂志
中華勞動衛生職業病雜誌
중화노동위생직업병잡지
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
2015年
10期
766-768
,共3页
传染病%职业暴露%高危因素%职业防护
傳染病%職業暴露%高危因素%職業防護
전염병%직업폭로%고위인소%직업방호
Infectious disease%Occupational exposure%High-risk factor%Occupational protection
目的 了解传染病医院医务人员血源性职业暴露现状及高危因素,为采取针对性防控措施提供科学依据.方法 对我院2012年1月至2014年12月在职的395名医务人员进行职业暴露监测,并对其中发生职业暴露的79名医务人员进行分析及干预.结果 高危人群主要是护理人员(69.6％),工作3年以下、年龄25岁以下及感染病区的医务人员血源性职业暴露发生率比较高,分别占63.3％、72.1％、72.2％.暴露源以乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、梅毒螺旋体(TP)和人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)为主,锐器伤(91.1％)是主要的损伤方式,其中针刺伤占86.1％,损伤部位以手部最多(91.1％).高危环节是拔针及拔针后处置不当、回套针头和处理污物,分别占46.8％、17.7％、12.7％.79名职业暴露者均未发生感染.结论 传染病医院医务人员血源性职业暴露的主要高危因素为针刺伤,应加强传染病医院医务人员职业防护教育及落实防护措施,规范高危环节操作流程,强化监督机制,降低其职业暴露及暴露后感染的发生.
目的 瞭解傳染病醫院醫務人員血源性職業暴露現狀及高危因素,為採取針對性防控措施提供科學依據.方法 對我院2012年1月至2014年12月在職的395名醫務人員進行職業暴露鑑測,併對其中髮生職業暴露的79名醫務人員進行分析及榦預.結果 高危人群主要是護理人員(69.6％),工作3年以下、年齡25歲以下及感染病區的醫務人員血源性職業暴露髮生率比較高,分彆佔63.3％、72.1％、72.2％.暴露源以乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、梅毒螺鏇體(TP)和人類免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)為主,銳器傷(91.1％)是主要的損傷方式,其中針刺傷佔86.1％,損傷部位以手部最多(91.1％).高危環節是拔針及拔針後處置不噹、迴套針頭和處理汙物,分彆佔46.8％、17.7％、12.7％.79名職業暴露者均未髮生感染.結論 傳染病醫院醫務人員血源性職業暴露的主要高危因素為針刺傷,應加彊傳染病醫院醫務人員職業防護教育及落實防護措施,規範高危環節操作流程,彊化鑑督機製,降低其職業暴露及暴露後感染的髮生.
목적 료해전염병의원의무인원혈원성직업폭로현상급고위인소,위채취침대성방공조시제공과학의거.방법 대아원2012년1월지2014년12월재직적395명의무인원진행직업폭로감측,병대기중발생직업폭로적79명의무인원진행분석급간예.결과 고위인군주요시호리인원(69.6％),공작3년이하、년령25세이하급감염병구적의무인원혈원성직업폭로발생솔비교고,분별점63.3％、72.1％、72.2％.폭로원이을형간염병독(HBV)、병형간염병독(HCV)、매독라선체(TP)화인류면역결함병독(HIV)위주,예기상(91.1％)시주요적손상방식,기중침자상점86.1％,손상부위이수부최다(91.1％).고위배절시발침급발침후처치불당、회투침두화처리오물,분별점46.8％、17.7％、12.7％.79명직업폭로자균미발생감염.결론 전염병의원의무인원혈원성직업폭로적주요고위인소위침자상,응가강전염병의원의무인원직업방호교육급락실방호조시,규범고위배절조작류정,강화감독궤제,강저기직업폭로급폭로후감염적발생.
Objective To investigate the status and risk factors for hematogenous occupational exposure in medical staff in an infectious disease hospital,and to provide a scientific basis for targeted preventive and control measures.Methods The occupational exposure of 395 medical workers in our hospital was monitored from January 2012 to December 2014,among whom 79 individuals with occupational exposure were subjected to intervention and the risk factors for occupational exposure were analyzed.Results The high-risk group was mainly the nursing staff (69.6％).The incidence of hematogenous occupational exposure was high in medical personnel with a working age under 3 years,aged under 25 years,and at the infection ward,accounting for 63.3％,72.1％,and 72.2％,respectively.Hepatitis B virus,hepatitis C virus,Treponema pallidum,and human immunodeficiency virus were the primary exposure sources.Sharp injury was the major way of injury (91.1％),with needle stick injury accounting for the highest proportion (86.1％).Injury occurred on the hand most frequently (91.1％).The high-risk links were improper disposal during or after pulling the needle,re-capturing the needle,and processing waste,accounting for 46.8％,17.7％,and 12.7％,respectively.Seventy-nine professionals with occupational exposure were not infected.Conclusion The main risk factor for hematogenous occupational exposure in medical staff in the infectious disease hospital is needle stick injury.Strengthening the occupational protection education in medical staff in infectious disease hospital,implementing protective measures,standardizing operating procedures in high-risk links,and enhancing the supervision mechanism can reduce the incidence of occupational exposure and infection after exposure.
