中华劳动卫生职业病杂志
中華勞動衛生職業病雜誌
중화노동위생직업병잡지
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
2015年
10期
759-764
,共6页
应激%干预性研究%工作场所%医学文献分析和检索系统
應激%榦預性研究%工作場所%醫學文獻分析和檢索繫統
응격%간예성연구%공작장소%의학문헌분석화검색계통
Stress%Intervention study%Workplace%MEDLARS
目的 应用系统分析的方法评价当前国外工作场所职业应激干预效果,为国内开展相关研究提供参考.方法 在Medline数据库使用关键词搜索,收集2000年1月1日至2014年9月4日出版的职业应激干预相关文献,使用统一标准提取职业应激干预措施类型、干预内容、干预对象、研究设计、结果指标、干预效果、证据质量等关键信息对文献进行分析.结果 最终纳入30篇文献,包括随机对照试验20项,类试验或自身前后对照试验10项.研究现场来自德国、日本、英国等12个国家,总样本量为5 699人,干预期限集中在4～16周.干预措施可分为6类,包括认知行为技能培训、放松技能、身体活动、组织改变、联合干预以及多水平干预,其中认知行为疗法是最常见的干预方法.结局变量以社会心理学变量和工作相关变量为主.职业应激干预能较显著地改善职业应激及抑郁症状,对工作相关结局也有一定效果.干预前被干预对象的职业应激水平不同,其干预效果可能不同;组织水平的干预效果优于个体水平干预,而多水平的综合干预效果不一定优于单个水平.结论 职业应激干预是改善职业应激较有效的方法,但干预前被干预对象职业应激水平、干预期限和频率、干预措施和干预水平、随访时间等因素对干预效果有一定影响.未来的研究应注意方法学问题,关注组织水平以及基于网络为基础的干预,并增加成本-效益的分析.
目的 應用繫統分析的方法評價噹前國外工作場所職業應激榦預效果,為國內開展相關研究提供參攷.方法 在Medline數據庫使用關鍵詞搜索,收集2000年1月1日至2014年9月4日齣版的職業應激榦預相關文獻,使用統一標準提取職業應激榦預措施類型、榦預內容、榦預對象、研究設計、結果指標、榦預效果、證據質量等關鍵信息對文獻進行分析.結果 最終納入30篇文獻,包括隨機對照試驗20項,類試驗或自身前後對照試驗10項.研究現場來自德國、日本、英國等12箇國傢,總樣本量為5 699人,榦預期限集中在4～16週.榦預措施可分為6類,包括認知行為技能培訓、放鬆技能、身體活動、組織改變、聯閤榦預以及多水平榦預,其中認知行為療法是最常見的榦預方法.結跼變量以社會心理學變量和工作相關變量為主.職業應激榦預能較顯著地改善職業應激及抑鬱癥狀,對工作相關結跼也有一定效果.榦預前被榦預對象的職業應激水平不同,其榦預效果可能不同;組織水平的榦預效果優于箇體水平榦預,而多水平的綜閤榦預效果不一定優于單箇水平.結論 職業應激榦預是改善職業應激較有效的方法,但榦預前被榦預對象職業應激水平、榦預期限和頻率、榦預措施和榦預水平、隨訪時間等因素對榦預效果有一定影響.未來的研究應註意方法學問題,關註組織水平以及基于網絡為基礎的榦預,併增加成本-效益的分析.
목적 응용계통분석적방법평개당전국외공작장소직업응격간예효과,위국내개전상관연구제공삼고.방법 재Medline수거고사용관건사수색,수집2000년1월1일지2014년9월4일출판적직업응격간예상관문헌,사용통일표준제취직업응격간예조시류형、간예내용、간예대상、연구설계、결과지표、간예효과、증거질량등관건신식대문헌진행분석.결과 최종납입30편문헌,포괄수궤대조시험20항,류시험혹자신전후대조시험10항.연구현장래자덕국、일본、영국등12개국가,총양본량위5 699인,간예기한집중재4～16주.간예조시가분위6류,포괄인지행위기능배훈、방송기능、신체활동、조직개변、연합간예이급다수평간예,기중인지행위요법시최상견적간예방법.결국변량이사회심이학변량화공작상관변량위주.직업응격간예능교현저지개선직업응격급억욱증상,대공작상관결국야유일정효과.간예전피간예대상적직업응격수평불동,기간예효과가능불동;조직수평적간예효과우우개체수평간예,이다수평적종합간예효과불일정우우단개수평.결론 직업응격간예시개선직업응격교유효적방법,단간예전피간예대상직업응격수평、간예기한화빈솔、간예조시화간예수평、수방시간등인소대간예효과유일정영향.미래적연구응주의방법학문제,관주조직수평이급기우망락위기출적간예,병증가성본-효익적분석.
Objective To evaluate the effects of occupational stress intervention in the workplaces abroad by systematic review and to provide a reference for domestic research.Methods The Medline database was searched to collect the literature on occupational stress intervention published from January 1 in 2000 to September 4 in 2014,Using standardized forms,the methods,contents,subjects,study design,result indicator,effectiveness and evidence of the intervention were extracted and analyzed.Results Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria,with a total sample size of 5699 participants,including 20 randomized trials and 10 nonrandomized or self-controlled studies from 12 countries,such as Germany,Japan,and Britain.The course of intervention ranged from 4 to 16 weeks.Six types of intervention were identified,i.e.,cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT),relaxation technique,physical activity,organization-focused intervention,combined intervention,and multilevel intervention,among which CBT was used most frequently.The outcome variables mainly included social psychological variable and work-related variable.Occupational stress intervention could significantly improve the occupational stress and depressive symptoms,and also had some effects on the workrelated outcomes.The effectiveness of the intervention might vary between the subjects with different occupational stress levels before intervention.The effectiveness of the intervention was better at an organizational level than at an individual level,but the effectiveness at a multiple level was not necessarily better than that at a single level.Conclusion Occupational stress intervention is an effective method to improve the occupational stress at workplace.However,the occupational stress level before intervention,the duration and frequency of intervention,measures and level of intervention,and follow-up period have certain influence on the effectiveness of intervention.Future research should pay attention to methodology,focus on organizational level and network-based intervention,and increase the cost-benefit analysis.
