CAJ | 학술논문

目的探讨职业紧张相关因素对警察抑郁症状发生的影响.方法采取整群抽样方法,于2011年5月抽取某市公安局287名警察进行职业问卷调查,剔除人口学特征调查表变量缺失者以及职业紧张相关因素调查表3个条目以上应答缺失者问卷后,最终244名警察的资料纳入本研究.采用抑郁自评问卷中文译本、工作内容问卷、付出-回报失衡问卷中文译本、工作危险量表、职业紧张量表测试调查对象的抑郁症状及职业紧张相关因素.应用Spearman相关分析和多元回归分析探讨抑郁症状评分与职业紧张相关变量之间的关系.结果全部调查对象抑郁症状评分中位数(P25~P75)为16.50(11.00~25.00)分.无抑郁症状警察144名,有抑郁症状警察100名.警龄<10、10~19、20~29、≥30年的抑郁症状评分中位数(P25~P75)分别为17.00(8.00~26.00)、16.00(11.00~24.50)、19.00(12.00~27.00)、12.00(6.25~15.00)分(χ2=9.52,P=0.023),差异有统计学意义.有抑郁症状组的心理需求、睡眠障碍、每日紧张感和负性情感评分中位数(P25~P75)分别为25.00(23.00~28.00)、12.50(9.00~18.00)、9.50(8.00~12.00)、3.00(2.00~4.00)分,均高于无抑郁症状组[24.00(22.00~25.00)、8.00(5.00~13.00)、8.00(6.00~10.00)、1.00(0~2.75)分](Z值分别为3.82、5.39、5.15、6.41,P值均<0.001),差异有统计学意义.Spearman相关分析显示,抑郁症状评分与睡眠障碍、内在投入、付出、心理需求、每日紧张感、负性情感和工作危险性呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.44、0.28、0.28、0.33、0.38、0.44、0.38(P均<0.001).多元线性回归分析结果表明,自尊感、每日紧张感和负性情感状态对抑郁症状评分的贡献较大,标准回归系数分别是-0.46、0.19和0.13(P值分别为<0.001、0.001、0.030).结论睡眠障碍、内在投入、付出、心理需求、每日紧张感、负性情感和工作危险性是警察抑郁症状的诱因,减少负性情感、降低每日紧张感、提高睡眠质量、增强自尊感、加大回报和社会支持对减少警察抑郁症状的发生有积极影响. 目的探討職業緊張相關因素對警察抑鬱癥狀髮生的影響.方法採取整群抽樣方法,于2011年5月抽取某市公安跼287名警察進行職業問捲調查,剔除人口學特徵調查錶變量缺失者以及職業緊張相關因素調查錶3箇條目以上應答缺失者問捲後,最終244名警察的資料納入本研究.採用抑鬱自評問捲中文譯本、工作內容問捲、付齣-迴報失衡問捲中文譯本、工作危險量錶、職業緊張量錶測試調查對象的抑鬱癥狀及職業緊張相關因素.應用Spearman相關分析和多元迴歸分析探討抑鬱癥狀評分與職業緊張相關變量之間的關繫.結果全部調查對象抑鬱癥狀評分中位數(P25~P75)為16.50(11.00~25.00)分.無抑鬱癥狀警察144名,有抑鬱癥狀警察100名.警齡<10、10~19、20~29、≥30年的抑鬱癥狀評分中位數(P25~P75)分彆為17.00(8.00~26.00)、16.00(11.00~24.50)、19.00(12.00~27.00)、12.00(6.25~15.00)分(χ2=9.52,P=0.023),差異有統計學意義.有抑鬱癥狀組的心理需求、睡眠障礙、每日緊張感和負性情感評分中位數(P25~P75)分彆為25.00(23.00~28.00)、12.50(9.00~18.00)、9.50(8.00~12.00)、3.00(2.00~4.00)分,均高于無抑鬱癥狀組[24.00(22.00~25.00)、8.00(5.00~13.00)、8.00(6.00~10.00)、1.00(0~2.75)分](Z值分彆為3.82、5.39、5.15、6.41,P值均<0.001),差異有統計學意義.Spearman相關分析顯示,抑鬱癥狀評分與睡眠障礙、內在投入、付齣、心理需求、每日緊張感、負性情感和工作危險性呈正相關,相關繫數分彆為0.44、0.28、0.28、0.33、0.38、0.44、0.38(P均<0.001).多元線性迴歸分析結果錶明,自尊感、每日緊張感和負性情感狀態對抑鬱癥狀評分的貢獻較大,標準迴歸繫數分彆是-0.46、0.19和0.13(P值分彆為<0.001、0.001、0.030).結論睡眠障礙、內在投入、付齣、心理需求、每日緊張感、負性情感和工作危險性是警察抑鬱癥狀的誘因,減少負性情感、降低每日緊張感、提高睡眠質量、增彊自尊感、加大迴報和社會支持對減少警察抑鬱癥狀的髮生有積極影響.
목적 탐토직업긴장상관인소대경찰억욱증상발생적영향.방법 채취정군추양방법,우2011년5월추취모시공안국287명경찰진행직업문권조사,척제인구학특정조사표변량결실자이급직업긴장상관인소조사표3개조목이상응답결실자문권후,최종244명경찰적자료납입본연구.채용억욱자평문권중문역본、공작내용문권、부출-회보실형문권중문역본、공작위험량표、직업긴장량표측시조사대상적억욱증상급직업긴장상관인소.응용Spearman상관분석화다원회귀분석탐토억욱증상평분여직업긴장상관변량지간적관계.결과 전부조사대상억욱증상평분중위수(P25~P75)위16.50(11.00~25.00)분.무억욱증상경찰144명,유억욱증상경찰100명.경령<10、10~19、20~29、≥30년적억욱증상평분중위수(P25~P75)분별위17.00(8.00~26.00)、16.00(11.00~24.50)、19.00(12.00~27.00)、12.00(6.25~15.00)분(χ2=9.52,P=0.023),차이유통계학의의.유억욱증상조적심리수구、수면장애、매일긴장감화부성정감평분중위수(P25~P75)분별위25.00(23.00~28.00)、12.50(9.00~18.00)、9.50(8.00~12.00)、3.00(2.00~4.00)분,균고우무억욱증상조[24.00(22.00~25.00)、8.00(5.00~13.00)、8.00(6.00~10.00)、1.00(0~2.75)분](Z치분별위3.82、5.39、5.15、6.41,P치균<0.001),차이유통계학의의.Spearman상관분석현시,억욱증상평분여수면장애、내재투입、부출、심리수구、매일긴장감、부성정감화공작위험성정정상관,상관계수분별위0.44、0.28、0.28、0.33、0.38、0.44、0.38(P균<0.001).다원선성회귀분석결과표명,자존감、매일긴장감화부성정감상태대억욱증상평분적공헌교대,표준회귀계수분별시-0.46、0.19화0.13(P치분별위<0.001、0.001、0.030).결론 수면장애、내재투입、부출、심리수구、매일긴장감、부성정감화공작위험성시경찰억욱증상적유인,감소부성정감、강저매일긴장감、제고수면질량、증강자존감、가대회보화사회지지대감소경찰억욱증상적발생유적겁영향.
Objective To explore the influence of occupational stress related factors on depression symptoms among 244 policemen in a city in China. Methods In May 2011, 287 policemen from a city public security bureau were recruited to this survey by cluster sampling method. We deleted questionnaires which include missing variables on demographic characteristics and factors associated with occupational stress questionnaires which include over 3 missing items. 244 policemen were included in this study. Depression symptoms and occupational stressors were measured using Chinese version of depression self-reported questionnaire, job content questionnaire,Chinese version of effort-reward imbalances questionnaire,job hazard scale and occupational stress inventory. Depression symptom scores and the relationship between the variables and occupational stress were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results The Median (P25-P75) of depression symptom scores of all respondents was 16.50 (11.00-25.00). 144 were policemen with no depression symptoms and 100 were with depression symptoms. The median (P25-P75) of depression symptoms scores among policemen with length of serves<10, 10-19, 20-29 and≥30 was 17.00 (8.00-26.00), 16.00 (11.00-24.50), 19.00 (12.00-27.00), and 12.00 (6.25-15.00), respectively. The difference of scores was significant among length of serves groups (χ2=9.52,P=0.023). The scores of psychological demands, sleep disorder , daily life stress and negative affectivity among policemen with depression symptoms were 17.00 (8.00-26.00), 16.00 (11.00-24.50), 19.00 (12.00-27.00), and 12.00 (6.25-15.00), respectively, which were higher than those with no depression symptoms (24.00 (22.00-25.00),8.00 (5.00-13.00),8.00 (6.00-10.00),1.00 (0-2.75)), and the differences were significant (Z=3.82, 5.39, 5.15, 6.41,P<0.001). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that depression symptoms score was positively related to sleep disorder, commitment effort, psychological demands ,daily life stress,negative affectivity and job hazards scores. Correlations coefficient were 0.44, 0.28, 0.28, 0.33, 0.38, 0.44, and 0.38, respectively (P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that self-esteem, daily life stress and negative affectivity had bigger contribution on the depression symptoms scores. The standard regression coefficient was-0.46, 0.19 and 0.13, respectively (P<0.001, P=0.001, P=0.030). Conclusion Sleep disorder, commitment effort, psychological demands,daily life stress,negative affectivity and job hazards scores were the inducement of depression symptoms for policemen. To reduce the daily life stress, negative affectivity and improve the quality of sleep , add to self-esteem , reward and social support have positive effects on reducing the occurrence of depressive symptoms for police.