CAJ | 학술논문

预激活增强效应对散打运动员冲拳峰值功率的影响
예격활증강효응대산타운동원충권봉치공솔적영향
The Effect of Post Activation Potentiation on the Boxing Peak-Power of Sanda Sportsmen

万方数据

体育科学體育科學 체육과학
China Sport Science
2015年 11期 52-60 ,共9页

宋兆铭%张辉%张诚%韩治国%董如军

송조명%장휘%장성%한치국%동여군

预激活增强效应%抗阻练习%散打%冲拳預激活增彊效應%抗阻練習%散打%遲拳
예격활증강효응%항조연습%산타%충권
post activation potentiation%resistance exercises%Sanda%forward punch

目的：探究预激活增强效应（PAP ）对于男性散打运动员上肢肌肉的最佳刺激强度和时间。方法：选取24名男性散打专项国家二级水平运动员，右手均为优势侧，采用3种干预组（90％1RM ／60％1RM ／Control）×5个时间点（抗阻干预前 Pre／抗阻干预后第4min／8 min／12 min／16 min ，被试间变量）分别对2个测量部位（优势侧／非优势侧）进行混合实验设计，每次均运用BTE仪器等张模式下“力‐速关系”测试冲拳时上肢峰值功率。结果：对优势侧和非优势侧冲拳峰值功率进行重复测量方差分析和 LSD两两比较发现，组内时间因素有显著性差异（ P＜0．05），组间“负荷强度因素”有显著性差异（ P＜0．05）。组内冲拳峰值功率重复测量方差分析和 LSD两两比较发现：1）优势侧在90％1RM 组在 Pre时间点分别与12 min、16 min时间点有显著性差异（ P＜0．05），12 min与16 min时间点有显著性差异（ P＜0．05），Control组在16 min时间点分别与抗 Pre、12 min时间点有显著性差异（ P＜0．05）；2）非优势侧90％1RM组在 Pre点与其他各时间点均有显著性差异（ P＜0．05），12 min与16 min时间点有显著性差异（ P＜0．05）。60％1RM 组在 Pre时间点分别与12 min、16 min有显著性差异（ P＜0．05），4 min与8 min时间点有显著性差异（ P＜0．05），12 min与16 min时间点有显著性差异（ P＜0．05），Control组在 Pre与16 min时间点有显著性差异（ P＜0．05）。对冲拳峰值功率进行组间两因素方差分析和 LSD两两比较发现：1）优势侧在8 min、12 min时间点，90％1RM 组与Control组、60％1RM 组有显著性差异（P＜0．05）；2）非优势侧在4 min时间点，90％1RM 组与Control组、60％1RM 组有显著性差异（P＜0．05），在8 min、12 min时间点，Control组与90％1RM 组、60％1RM 组有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。结论：1）男性散打运动员冲拳时上肢肌肉 PAP的产生与强度负荷刺激大小、时间和激活部位三者的关系密切；2）大强度的负荷刺激能有效、持续地产生 PAP ，两侧出现最佳 PAP的时间点均为12 min ，优势侧PAP开始出现的时间点滞后于非优势侧；3）中、小强度负荷刺激在非优势侧能产生 PAP ，出现最佳 PAP的时间点为12 min ，相对于大强度的负荷刺激，在不同时间点，中小强度产生的 PAP变化幅度较大。
목적：탐구예격활증강효응（PAP ）대우남성산타운동원상지기육적최가자격강도화시간。방법：선취24명남성산타전항국가이급수평운동원，우수균위우세측，채용3충간예조（90％1RM ／60％1RM ／Control）×5개시간점（항조간예전 Pre／항조간예후제4min／8 min／12 min／16 min ，피시간변량）분별대2개측량부위（우세측／비우세측）진행혼합실험설계，매차균운용BTE의기등장모식하“력‐속관계”측시충권시상지봉치공솔。결과：대우세측화비우세측충권봉치공솔진행중복측량방차분석화 LSD량량비교발현，조내시간인소유현저성차이（ P＜0．05），조간“부하강도인소”유현저성차이（ P＜0．05）。조내충권봉치공솔중복측량방차분석화 LSD량량비교발현：1）우세측재90％1RM 조재 Pre시간점분별여12 min、16 min시간점유현저성차이（ P＜0．05），12 min여16 min시간점유현저성차이（ P＜0．05），Control조재16 min시간점분별여항 Pre、12 min시간점유현저성차이（ P＜0．05）；2）비우세측90％1RM조재 Pre점여기타각시간점균유현저성차이（ P＜0．05），12 min여16 min시간점유현저성차이（ P＜0．05）。60％1RM 조재 Pre시간점분별여12 min、16 min유현저성차이（ P＜0．05），4 min여8 min시간점유현저성차이（ P＜0．05），12 min여16 min시간점유현저성차이（ P＜0．05），Control조재 Pre여16 min시간점유현저성차이（ P＜0．05）。대충권봉치공솔진행조간량인소방차분석화 LSD량량비교발현：1）우세측재8 min、12 min시간점，90％1RM 조여Control조、60％1RM 조유현저성차이（P＜0．05）；2）비우세측재4 min시간점，90％1RM 조여Control조、60％1RM 조유현저성차이（P＜0．05），재8 min、12 min시간점，Control조여90％1RM 조、60％1RM 조유현저성차이（P＜0．05）。결론：1）남성산타운동원충권시상지기육 PAP적산생여강도부하자격대소、시간화격활부위삼자적관계밀절；2）대강도적부하자격능유효、지속지산생 PAP ，량측출현최가 PAP적시간점균위12 min ，우세측PAP개시출현적시간점체후우비우세측；3）중、소강도부하자격재비우세측능산생 PAP ，출현최가 PAP적시간점위12 min ，상대우대강도적부하자격，재불동시간점，중소강도산생적 PAP변화폭도교대。
Objective :This study is to explore the best stimulation intensity and the time range of Post Activation Potentiation (PAP) effect for upper limb muscle of Sanda athletes .Methods :24 right‐handed Sanda athletes (national grade 2 athletes ) were selected out for the paper ,and we designed a 3 intervention group (90% 1RM /60% 1RM /Control) × 2 measurement sites (right/left upper limb ) × 5 time point (Pre‐resistance exercise /Post resistance exercise 4min/8min /12min /16min)within‐subject experiment ,and in the mode of torque vs speed of iso‐tonic on BTE Primus system test for boxing peak‐power of the upper .Results :From analysis of variance of repeated data measured ,we found out that the main effect of time factors was significant within group ( P<0 .05 ) and intensity load was significant between groups ( P<0 . 05 ) .From analysis of variance of repeated data measured and LSD multiple compaisons test within group ,we found out that 1) dominant side .90% 1RM group had significant difference with pre‐time point of 12min and 16min time point ( P< 0 .05 ) ,and 12min time point had significant difference with 16min time point ( P< 0 .05 ) .In the control group ,16min time point had significant difference with pre‐time and 12min time point (P<0 .05) .2) Non‐domi‐nant .In 90% 1RM group pre‐time point had significant difference with other time point ( P<0 .05) ,and 12min time point had significant difference with 16min time point (P< 0 .05) .In 60% 1RM group ,pre‐time point had significant difference with 12min and 16min time point (P<0 .05) ,4min time point had significant difference with 8min time point (P<0 .05) ,and 12min time point had significant difference with 16min time point ( P<0 .05 ) .In the Control group ,pre‐time point had significant difference with 16 time point ( P< 0 .05 ) .Analysis of two‐way ANOVA and LSD multiple compaisons test showed that 1) Dominant side .Compared with the control group and 60% 1RM group in both 8 min and 12 min time point ,90% 1RM group had significant differences (P<0 .05) .2) Non‐dominant .Compared with Control group and 60% 1RM group in 4min time point ,90% 1RM group had significant differences (P<0 . 05) .Compared with 90% 1RM group and 60% 1RM group in 8min and 12min time point , the control group had significant differences (P<0 .05) .Conclusion :1) The occurrence mech‐anism of PAP has close relationship with time point ,intensity load and activating site .2) PAP can be produced efficiently and continuously by high intensity load .Optimum time for PAP is the12min time point .The timing of the dominant side in PAP lags behind the non‐dominant side .3 ) PAP can not be produced by low and moderate intensity in the dominant side ,but it can occurr at 12min time point in the non‐dominant side .In contrast with high intensity load , the average changeable range of PAP with middle and low load at various time points is rela‐tively larger .