CAJ | 학술논문

为了研究花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体的异常行为以及胞质分裂过程中微管骨架变化，利用液氮冷冻压片法和间接免疫荧光结合DAPI染色法，对胡杨花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中染色体行为和微管骨架进行了观察。结果表明：①胡杨花粉母细胞减数分裂前期Ⅰ同源染色体联会结合松散，在终变期可以观察到单价体；中期Ⅱ存在平行纺锤体、三极纺锤体以及融合纺锤体；后期Ⅰ以及后期Ⅱ可观察到落后染色体。②三极纺锤体以及融合纺锤体与未减数2n花粉比率呈正相关，说明三极纺锤体和融合纺锤体会导致FDR（ first division restitution）型2n花粉的产生。③前期Ⅱ存在胞质分裂提前现象，可导致SDR（ second division restitution）型2n花粉形成。④后期Ⅱ纺锤体微管缺失致使姊妹染色体单体分离后不移向两极，保留在同一子核内，这可能是形成SDR型2n花粉的另一种机制。
위료연구화분모세포감수분렬염색체적이상행위이급포질분렬과정중미관골가변화，이용액담냉동압편법화간접면역형광결합DAPI염색법，대호양화분모세포감수분렬과정중염색체행위화미관골가진행료관찰。결과표명：①호양화분모세포감수분렬전기Ⅰ동원염색체련회결합송산，재종변기가이관찰도단개체；중기Ⅱ존재평행방추체、삼겁방추체이급융합방추체；후기Ⅰ이급후기Ⅱ가관찰도락후염색체。②삼겁방추체이급융합방추체여미감수2n화분비솔정정상관，설명삼겁방추체화융합방추체회도치FDR（ first division restitution）형2n화분적산생。③전기Ⅱ존재포질분렬제전현상，가도치SDR（ second division restitution）형2n화분형성。④후기Ⅱ방추체미관결실치사자매염색체단체분리후불이향량겁，보류재동일자핵내，저가능시형성SDR형2n화분적령일충궤제。
In order to analyze abnormal behaviors of chromosomes during meiosis and abnormal organization of microtu?bule during meiosis and cytokinesis, and find a new method to illustrate unreduced 2n pollen formation, indirect immu?nofluorescence microscopy with DAPI staining was conducted to observe the microtubule cytoskeleton pattern and chro?mosomes behavior during meiosis and cytokinesis in Populus euphratica. The results indicated that: ① During the pro?phase stage of meiosis, the paired homologous chromosomes combined, loosely, with univalent at diakinesis. Parallel spindle, tripolar spindle and fused spindle could also been found, at metaphase Ⅱ Lagging chromosomes could be ob?served at anaphaseⅠand anaphaseⅡ. ②Positive correlations between frequency of 2n pollen and rate of tripolar spindle and fused spindle were found, which suggested that tripolar spindle and fused spindle could result in FDR-typed 2n pol?len formation. ③Prematurely cytokinesis was observed at prophaseⅡ, which resulted in SDR-typed 2n pollen formation in Populus euphratica. ④ Due to lack of spindle microtubule in one daughter cell at anaphaseⅡ, the chromatids do not migrated to the poles instead of retaining in the daughter cell and forming a SDR-typed 2n pollen.