广西民族研究
廣西民族研究
엄서민족연구
Guangxi Ethnic Studies
2015年
5期
43-50
,共8页
欧盟%民族政策%少数民族
歐盟%民族政策%少數民族
구맹%민족정책%소수민족
European Union%minority policies%minority
作为多民族共同体的欧盟，为了消除内部种族主义和极右势力对欧洲一体化发展事业产生的负面影响，欧盟制定了一系列条约和法令来反对民族歧视，保障少数民族的权益。虽然欧盟没有出台专门的法案具体制定民族政策，但欧盟制定的公约、标准、条约等正式文件中包含有大量的关于少数民族问题的规定，在此基础上形成了欧盟的民族政策。欧盟民族政策主要有三方面的特点：一是采用平等的原则赋予少数民族均等化权利，不对少数民族进行特别优待；二是重点保障少数民族的经济权益和文化权益，对少数民族的政治权利较少涉及；三是对少数民族权利的保护多为原则性的规定，对违反行为缺乏强制性的措施。尽管欧盟民族政策存在执行力不强、忽视少数民族政治权利的保护等问题及缺陷，但在保障少数民族平等就业权益，反对种族歧视，打击欧洲民族主义势力，推动少数民族社会参与等方面起到了重要作用，从而为欧洲一体化的深入发展提供了制度保障。
作為多民族共同體的歐盟，為瞭消除內部種族主義和極右勢力對歐洲一體化髮展事業產生的負麵影響，歐盟製定瞭一繫列條約和法令來反對民族歧視，保障少數民族的權益。雖然歐盟沒有齣檯專門的法案具體製定民族政策，但歐盟製定的公約、標準、條約等正式文件中包含有大量的關于少數民族問題的規定，在此基礎上形成瞭歐盟的民族政策。歐盟民族政策主要有三方麵的特點：一是採用平等的原則賦予少數民族均等化權利，不對少數民族進行特彆優待；二是重點保障少數民族的經濟權益和文化權益，對少數民族的政治權利較少涉及；三是對少數民族權利的保護多為原則性的規定，對違反行為缺乏彊製性的措施。儘管歐盟民族政策存在執行力不彊、忽視少數民族政治權利的保護等問題及缺陷，但在保障少數民族平等就業權益，反對種族歧視，打擊歐洲民族主義勢力，推動少數民族社會參與等方麵起到瞭重要作用，從而為歐洲一體化的深入髮展提供瞭製度保障。
작위다민족공동체적구맹，위료소제내부충족주의화겁우세력대구주일체화발전사업산생적부면영향，구맹제정료일계렬조약화법령래반대민족기시，보장소수민족적권익。수연구맹몰유출태전문적법안구체제정민족정책，단구맹제정적공약、표준、조약등정식문건중포함유대량적관우소수민족문제적규정，재차기출상형성료구맹적민족정책。구맹민족정책주요유삼방면적특점：일시채용평등적원칙부여소수민족균등화권리，불대소수민족진행특별우대；이시중점보장소수민족적경제권익화문화권익，대소수민족적정치권리교소섭급；삼시대소수민족권리적보호다위원칙성적규정，대위반행위결핍강제성적조시。진관구맹민족정책존재집행력불강、홀시소수민족정치권리적보호등문제급결함，단재보장소수민족평등취업권익，반대충족기시，타격구주민족주의세력，추동소수민족사회삼여등방면기도료중요작용，종이위구주일체화적심입발전제공료제도보장。
As a multi-ethnic community, the European Union ( EU) has made a series of treaties and laws against ethnic discrimination, and protects the rights and interests of minority in order to solve the neg-ative effects of internal racism and ultra right forces of European integration.Although the EU has not made the special bill about ethic policy, there are a lot of regulations regarding minority issues in the conven-tions, standards, treaties and other official documents of EU.These have formulated the EU’ s ethnic poli-cy.There are three characteristics of the EU’ s minority policies, the first is to endow minority equal rights rather than special favorable treatment by the principle of equality;the second is to guarantee of economic rights and cultural rights of ethnic minorities particularly, little has been dealt with political rights of ethnic minorities;the third is the protection of the rights of ethnic minorities for provisions in principle, lacking of compulsory measures in dealing with the violating behavior.Although the EU’ s minority polices has some problems and shortcomings, such as the weak executive power and the ignorance to the protection of minori-ty political rights, it plays important roles in the protection of equal rights of ethnic minorities in occupa-tion, in the fight against racial discrimination and European nationalism, and in promoting ethnic social par-ticipation.It provides the institutional guarantee for the further development of European integration.
