山东农业科学
山東農業科學
산동농업과학
Shandong Agricultural Sciences
2015年
11期
80-84
,共5页
张丁有%孙滢%高木旺%聂佩显%张继祥
張丁有%孫瀅%高木旺%聶珮顯%張繼祥
장정유%손형%고목왕%섭패현%장계상
早春漫灌%空气温湿度%土壤温湿度%苹果%晚霜冻害
早春漫灌%空氣溫濕度%土壤溫濕度%蘋果%晚霜凍害
조춘만관%공기온습도%토양온습도%평과%만상동해
Irrigation in early spring%Air temperature and humidity%Soil temperature and humidity%Apple%Spring frost
本试验通过测定苹果园早春灌水后不同层次空气和土壤的温湿度，研究早春漫灌对苹果园环境温湿度的影响。结果表明：灌水降低了距地面0．5 m 处的日平均气温、平均最高气温、白天回温速率、气温日较差以及夜间气温，分别较对照降低2．62℃、3．02℃、29．53％、3．23℃和2．32℃，灌水的调节效应能维持3 d；1．5 m 和3．0 m 冠层夜间气温则分别较对照提高了0．83℃和1．21℃，升温效应能维持1 d；灌水后果园空气相对湿度较对照平均提高4．58个百分点，增湿效应能维持3 d。灌水对0～20 cm 土层的降温效应最明显，平均日地温较对照降低了0．90℃；灌水后0～20、20～40、40～60 cm 土层的日最高温度分别较对照降低1．33℃、0．27℃、0．38℃；平均土壤温度日较差分别较对照降低0．85℃、0．65℃、0．09℃，夜间土壤温度分别较对照降低了1．62℃、0．09℃、0．27℃。灌水对土壤温湿度的调节效应能维持1周。
本試驗通過測定蘋果園早春灌水後不同層次空氣和土壤的溫濕度，研究早春漫灌對蘋果園環境溫濕度的影響。結果錶明：灌水降低瞭距地麵0．5 m 處的日平均氣溫、平均最高氣溫、白天迴溫速率、氣溫日較差以及夜間氣溫，分彆較對照降低2．62℃、3．02℃、29．53％、3．23℃和2．32℃，灌水的調節效應能維持3 d；1．5 m 和3．0 m 冠層夜間氣溫則分彆較對照提高瞭0．83℃和1．21℃，升溫效應能維持1 d；灌水後果園空氣相對濕度較對照平均提高4．58箇百分點，增濕效應能維持3 d。灌水對0～20 cm 土層的降溫效應最明顯，平均日地溫較對照降低瞭0．90℃；灌水後0～20、20～40、40～60 cm 土層的日最高溫度分彆較對照降低1．33℃、0．27℃、0．38℃；平均土壤溫度日較差分彆較對照降低0．85℃、0．65℃、0．09℃，夜間土壤溫度分彆較對照降低瞭1．62℃、0．09℃、0．27℃。灌水對土壤溫濕度的調節效應能維持1週。
본시험통과측정평과완조춘관수후불동층차공기화토양적온습도，연구조춘만관대평과완배경온습도적영향。결과표명：관수강저료거지면0．5 m 처적일평균기온、평균최고기온、백천회온속솔、기온일교차이급야간기온，분별교대조강저2．62℃、3．02℃、29．53％、3．23℃화2．32℃，관수적조절효응능유지3 d；1．5 m 화3．0 m 관층야간기온칙분별교대조제고료0．83℃화1．21℃，승온효응능유지1 d；관수후과완공기상대습도교대조평균제고4．58개백분점，증습효응능유지3 d。관수대0～20 cm 토층적강온효응최명현，평균일지온교대조강저료0．90℃；관수후0～20、20～40、40～60 cm 토층적일최고온도분별교대조강저1．33℃、0．27℃、0．38℃；평균토양온도일교차분별교대조강저0．85℃、0．65℃、0．09℃，야간토양온도분별교대조강저료1．62℃、0．09℃、0．27℃。관수대토양온습도적조절효응능유지1주。
To provide theoretical bases for the defense of apple spring frost,the influences of irrigation in early spring on temperature and humidity of air and soil in apple orchard were analyzed.The results showed that the daily average temperature,average maximum air temperature,heating rate in daytime,daily range of temperature and air temperature at night at 0.5 meter above the ground lowered 2.62℃,3.02℃,29.53%, 3.23℃and 2.32℃ respectively by irrigation compared with control,and the effects could sustain 3 days.The air temperature at night at 1 .5 m and 3.0 m above the ground raised 0.83℃ and 1 .21 ℃ respectively after ir-rigation compared with control,but the effect just sustained 1 day.The relative air humidity of the orchard in-creased by 4.58 percentage points by irrigation compared with control,and the humidifying effect could sus-tain 3 days.The cooling effect of irrigation on 0 ~20 cm depth soil was the most obvious,and the daily average soil temperature decreased 0.90℃ compared with control.The daily maximum soil temperature of 0 ~20,20 ~40 cm and 40 ~60 cm depth soil decreased 1 .33℃,0.27℃ and 0.38℃,the average daily range of soil tempera-ture decreased 0.85℃,0.65℃ and 0.09℃,and the soil temperature at night decreased 1 .62℃,0.09℃ and 0.27℃ respectively compared with control,and the regulating effects of irrigation on temperature and humidity of soil could sustain one week.
