中国行政管理
中國行政管理
중국행정관리
Chinese Public Administration
2015年
11期
145-150
,共6页
创新驱动%创新体系%政府与市场
創新驅動%創新體繫%政府與市場
창신구동%창신체계%정부여시장
innovation -driven -growth%national innovation system%state and market
本文将国家创新体系分为技术、产业、市场与制度四个子系统,梳理了德国从18世纪至今的科技与产业创新政策,分析政府与市场作用及宏观制度影响,呈现德国创新驱动的现象、原因、机制与问题。德国创新驱动,经历了高校引领、机构集中、企业主导、社会参与的历程,体现了政府以市场为核心,提供资本、培育环境与建构结构的职能。然而,其福利国家的社会市场经济制度虽利于工业渐进创新,却阻碍了科技激进创新。政策调整与制度改革方向,取决于对优势产业与创新格局的抉择。这些对中国创新驱动形成重要启示。
本文將國傢創新體繫分為技術、產業、市場與製度四箇子繫統,梳理瞭德國從18世紀至今的科技與產業創新政策,分析政府與市場作用及宏觀製度影響,呈現德國創新驅動的現象、原因、機製與問題。德國創新驅動,經歷瞭高校引領、機構集中、企業主導、社會參與的歷程,體現瞭政府以市場為覈心,提供資本、培育環境與建構結構的職能。然而,其福利國傢的社會市場經濟製度雖利于工業漸進創新,卻阻礙瞭科技激進創新。政策調整與製度改革方嚮,取決于對優勢產業與創新格跼的抉擇。這些對中國創新驅動形成重要啟示。
본문장국가창신체계분위기술、산업、시장여제도사개자계통,소리료덕국종18세기지금적과기여산업창신정책,분석정부여시장작용급굉관제도영향,정현덕국창신구동적현상、원인、궤제여문제。덕국창신구동,경력료고교인령、궤구집중、기업주도、사회삼여적역정,체현료정부이시장위핵심,제공자본、배육배경여건구결구적직능。연이,기복리국가적사회시장경제제도수리우공업점진창신,각조애료과기격진창신。정책조정여제도개혁방향,취결우대우세산업여창신격국적결택。저사대중국창신구동형성중요계시。
Innovation is critical to sustainable economic growth.Germany has experienced a unique path from being a tech-follower to a global leader in industrial innovation.The article studies the NIS in Germany,through the tech-nique,industries,market and institution sub -systems.It combs the technical and industrial innovation poli-cies,analyzes the function of state and market,and figures the impact of socioeconomic institution,so that the reasons,mechanism and problems of NIS in Germany are discovered.The NIS in Germany,based on the so-cialist market system,and under the guidance of government,has ever been universities -initiated,institutes-centered,enterprise -led,and multi -participated,reflecting the roles of state as capitals providers,incu-bators and game -ruler.However,the socialist economic system benefits industrial incremental innovation but discourages high -tech radical innovation.The institution choice will influence the industrial strength and inno-vation pattern in Germany.All these bring strong implications to the NIS development in China.