CAJ | 학술논문

传统的4x-4x杂交方法很难进一步提高马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L.）产量，倍性操作育种技术为提高马铃薯产量提供了新途径。试验比较4x-4x和4x-2x杂种后代高世代选系总产、商品薯产量的差异，探讨利用倍性操作育种的可能性。从4x-4x和4x-2x组合根据块茎性状和产量各选出17个高世代无性系，按随机区组设计，3次重复，在黑龙江省加格达奇比较两种组合类型高世代选系总产和商品薯产量的差异。4x-4x和4x-2x组合后代高世代选系在总产量方面无差异，但从4x-2x组合中可以选出更多的高产无性系。4x-2x组合高世代选系商品薯产量显著低于4x-4x组合，这主要是由于4x-2x组合后代选系单株结薯多，但单薯重低。采用4x-2x组合方式育种可有效利用具有丰富遗传变异的二倍体种质资源，但要注意在二倍体水平上选择，重点改良二倍体种或二倍体杂种对长日照的适应性，以及块茎性状，提高大薯率。
전통적4x-4x잡교방법흔난진일보제고마령서（Solanum tuberosum L.）산량，배성조작육충기술위제고마령서산량제공료신도경。시험비교4x-4x화4x-2x잡충후대고세대선계총산、상품서산량적차이，탐토이용배성조작육충적가능성。종4x-4x화4x-2x조합근거괴경성상화산량각선출17개고세대무성계，안수궤구조설계，3차중복，재흑룡강성가격체기비교량충조합류형고세대선계총산화상품서산량적차이。4x-4x화4x-2x조합후대고세대선계재총산량방면무차이，단종4x-2x조합중가이선출경다적고산무성계。4x-2x조합고세대선계상품서산량현저저우4x-4x조합，저주요시유우4x-2x조합후대선계단주결서다，단단서중저。채용4x-2x조합방식육충가유효이용구유봉부유전변이적이배체충질자원，단요주의재이배체수평상선택，중점개량이배체충혹이배체잡충대장일조적괄응성，이급괴경성상，제고대서솔。
It is difficult to increase the yield of potato cultivars by using traditional 4x-4x potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) breeding scheme, and breeding via ploidy manipulation offers an alternative scheme to the traditional 4x-4x method. The purpose of this research was to compare the total and marketable tuber yield of advanced selections from 4x-4x and 4x-2x crosses, and tap the practical value of 4x-2x cross in potato breeding. Total 17 advanced clones was selected out from each of 4x-4x and 4x-2x crosses based on their performances of tuber traits and yield, and tested for their total and marketable tuber yields in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in Jiagedaqi, Heilongjiang. No significant difference was found for total tuber yield between advanced clones from 4x-4x and 4x-2x crosses, but more high-yielding clones were identified from 4x-2x cross. Marketable tuber yield of 4x-2x cross was lower than 4x-4x cross due to its high tuber set and low tube weight. Us of 4x-2x cross in potato breeding efforts could effectively explore the diploid germplasm ful of rich genetic variation, but more attention should be paid for selection of diploid species or diploid hybrids at diploid level, especial y for long day adaptation, tuber traits and tuber weight.