草业学报
草業學報
초업학보
Acta Prataculturae Sinica
2015年
11期
155-162
,共8页
红蓼%异型花柱%访花者%繁育系统
紅蓼%異型花柱%訪花者%繁育繫統
홍료%이형화주%방화자%번육계통
Polygonum orientale%distyly%flower visitor%breeding system
本研究发现了红蓼的异型花柱现象，红蓼野外居群存在长柱型花和短柱型花。研究表明长／短柱花型具有精确的交互式异位特征，其花大小，柱头形态，乳突大小，花粉粒数目、大小都表现出两型性（P ＜0．01）。与长柱型花相比，短柱型花较大，有短且排列紧密的柱头乳突细胞，花药产生较少且大的花粉。长／短柱型花花瓣长度无显著差异（P ＞0．01）。扫描电镜显示两型花的花粉均具有散孔，孔近似圆形，边缘形状不规则。野外调查发现蓟马、蚂蚁、食蚜蝇为主要访花者。人工授粉，红蓼长／短柱型花自交、型内异交以及型间异交花粉管均萌发，0．5 h 花粉管已萌发至子房，只有部分花粉管能萌发至子房且沿花柱壁及子房壁生长，说明其受精方式为合点受精。长／短柱型花型内异交座果率分别为14．00％和13．33％，自交座果率分别为4．62％和2．86％，型间异交的座果率分别为43．33％和44．61％，表明红蓼长／短柱型花自交表现出一定的亲和性，但座果率低，仍以异交为主。
本研究髮現瞭紅蓼的異型花柱現象，紅蓼野外居群存在長柱型花和短柱型花。研究錶明長／短柱花型具有精確的交互式異位特徵，其花大小，柱頭形態，乳突大小，花粉粒數目、大小都錶現齣兩型性（P ＜0．01）。與長柱型花相比，短柱型花較大，有短且排列緊密的柱頭乳突細胞，花藥產生較少且大的花粉。長／短柱型花花瓣長度無顯著差異（P ＞0．01）。掃描電鏡顯示兩型花的花粉均具有散孔，孔近似圓形，邊緣形狀不規則。野外調查髮現薊馬、螞蟻、食蚜蠅為主要訪花者。人工授粉，紅蓼長／短柱型花自交、型內異交以及型間異交花粉管均萌髮，0．5 h 花粉管已萌髮至子房，隻有部分花粉管能萌髮至子房且沿花柱壁及子房壁生長，說明其受精方式為閤點受精。長／短柱型花型內異交座果率分彆為14．00％和13．33％，自交座果率分彆為4．62％和2．86％，型間異交的座果率分彆為43．33％和44．61％，錶明紅蓼長／短柱型花自交錶現齣一定的親和性，但座果率低，仍以異交為主。
본연구발현료홍료적이형화주현상，홍료야외거군존재장주형화화단주형화。연구표명장／단주화형구유정학적교호식이위특정，기화대소，주두형태，유돌대소，화분립수목、대소도표현출량형성（P ＜0．01）。여장주형화상비，단주형화교대，유단차배렬긴밀적주두유돌세포，화약산생교소차대적화분。장／단주형화화판장도무현저차이（P ＞0．01）。소묘전경현시량형화적화분균구유산공，공근사원형，변연형상불규칙。야외조사발현계마、마의、식아승위주요방화자。인공수분，홍료장／단주형화자교、형내이교이급형간이교화분관균맹발，0．5 h 화분관이맹발지자방，지유부분화분관능맹발지자방차연화주벽급자방벽생장，설명기수정방식위합점수정。장／단주형화형내이교좌과솔분별위14．00％화13．33％，자교좌과솔분별위4．62％화2．86％，형간이교적좌과솔분별위43．33％화44．61％，표명홍료장／단주형화자교표현출일정적친화성，단좌과솔저，잉이이교위주。
Our research has clearly confirmed distyly in Polygonum orientale .Long-styled and short-styled morph exhibited a precise reciprocal herkogamy which was significantly correlated with corolla length.Re-search showed that anther heights,tepals,stigma and pollen size and number were dimorphic (P <0.01 ). Compared with the pins,the thrums had larger tepals and the stigma had more but shorter papillae.The anther produced significantly bigger but fewer pollen grains.There was no significant difference between long-styled and short-styled in terms of tepal length (P >0.01 ).In terms of micro-morphological characteristics,pollen grains were spherical or sub-orbicular,with irregular margins and scattered holes.Thrips,ants and flower flies were the main visitors to the flowers.Artificial pollination revealed that pollen tube shape was normal in both morphs,with the tubes reaching the ovary 0.5 h after pollination.Not all pollen tubes growing down the stylar canal and ovary wall were able to reach the ovary,indicating the existence of chalazogamy in P .orientale . Long-styled and short-styled intramorph fruit sets were 14.00% and 13.33% respectively.Self-pollination fruit sets were 4.62% and 2.86% and intermorph fruit sets were 43.33% and 44.61% respectively.Self-pollination showed some affinity,but the fruit sets were low and the flowers were still predominantly intermorph.
