CAJ | 학술논문

以郑麦9023为材料，设置3个氮肥水平和两个水分处理来探讨水氮耦合下小麦叶片衰老差异及产量的影响。结果表明，花后7 d，在同一水分条件下，随着施氮量的增加，旗叶中叶绿素含量、光合速率有所提高，而丙二醛（MDA）含量及相对电导率则降低，茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物则随着施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势，与200 kg N／hm2（N2）相比，300 kg N／hm2（N3）处理茎鞘中可溶性糖及淀粉含量降低了10．6％与10．1％；在同一氮肥水平下，与对照（W1）相比较，水分胁迫（W2）处理降低旗叶叶绿素含量、光合速率、可溶性糖及淀粉含量，增加了旗叶 MDA 含量及相对电导率，N3处理尤为明显。花后21 d 不同处理间趋势与花后7 d 一致；产量方面：在同一水分条件下，随施氮量的增加，小麦产量呈先增加后降低的趋势，与 N1（0 kg N／hm2）处理相比，N2处理小麦产量平均提高72．1％，N3提高了61．4％，而 N3处理比 N2处理平均下降了6．6％；在同一氮肥处理下，水分胁迫后小麦产量有所增加，但与对照（W1）无明显差异。表明适宜的水分胁迫与氮肥使用能够产生耦合效应，促进同化物向籽粒运转，提高籽粒结实率及粒重，有利于小麦产量的提高。
이정맥9023위재료，설치3개담비수평화량개수분처리래탐토수담우합하소맥협편쇠로차이급산량적영향。결과표명，화후7 d，재동일수분조건하，수착시담량적증가，기협중협록소함량、광합속솔유소제고，이병이철（MDA）함량급상대전도솔칙강저，경초중비결구성탄수화합물칙수착시담량적증가정선증가후강저적추세，여200 kg N／hm2（N2）상비，300 kg N／hm2（N3）처리경초중가용성당급정분함량강저료10．6％여10．1％；재동일담비수평하，여대조（W1）상비교，수분협박（W2）처리강저기협협록소함량、광합속솔、가용성당급정분함량，증가료기협 MDA 함량급상대전도솔，N3처리우위명현。화후21 d 불동처리간추세여화후7 d 일치；산량방면：재동일수분조건하，수시담량적증가，소맥산량정선증가후강저적추세，여 N1（0 kg N／hm2）처리상비，N2처리소맥산량평균제고72．1％，N3제고료61．4％，이 N3처리비 N2처리평균하강료6．6％；재동일담비처리하，수분협박후소맥산량유소증가，단여대조（W1）무명현차이。표명괄의적수분협박여담비사용능구산생우합효응，촉진동화물향자립운전，제고자립결실솔급립중，유리우소맥산량적제고。
Soil moisture and nitrogen nutrients are the principal factors affecting crop production.Elucidation of their influences and coupling effects would have great significance for optimizing yield and input efficiencies. Domestic and foreign scholars have conducted extensive research on interactions between water and fertilizers but most research to date has focused on soils rather than plant effects and the conclusions are not consistent. The purposes of this study were to investigate leaf senescence and yield differences in crops grown under condi-tions of nitrogen and water coupling.Three nitrogen levels of no nitrogen (N1 ),200 kg N/ha (N2 ),300 kg N/ha (N3 )and two irrigation regimes of irrigation control (W1 ),water stress conditions (W2 )were trialed in the field during the grain-filling stage of Zhengmai 9023,a winter wheat cultivar.Chlorophyll content,pho-tosynthetic rate,malondialdehyde (MDA)content and relative conductivity in flag leaves,along with soluble sugar and starch in stems and grain yield,were measured at 7 and 21 days after the flowering stage.The re-sults showed that leaf chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic rates increased with nitrogen augments.Howev-er,MDA content and relative conductivity decreased in flag leaves 7 days after anthesis under the same levels of water treatment.Non-structural carbohydrate content first increased and then decreased with increases in nitro-gen application.Soluble sugar and starch content in stem and sheath decreased by 10.6% and 10.1% under the condition of 300 kg N/ha (N3 )compared with 200 kg N/ha (N2 ).Chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate, soluble sugar and starch content reduced under water stress conditions (W2 )with the same nitrogen level as the irrigation control (W1 ),while the opposite result was observed with MDA content and relative conductivity in flag leaves,especially in the N3 treatment.These trends applied to both 7 and 21 days after anthesis.Wheat yield was higher for the N2 treatments when crops were grown under the same water conditions.Compared with N1 ,N2 increased yields by 72.1% and N3 by 61.4%.The N3 treatment returned 6.6% less yield than N2 . With the same levels of nitrogen fertilizer,water stress improved wheat production compared to the control. These results suggest that mild water stress and appropriate nitrogen applications can produce interaction effects that promote nitrate assimilation and increase yield by improving seed-setting rates and grain weight.