CAJ | 학술논문

蒸渗器中的作物耗水量与土壤入渗能力密切相关，而土壤水分入渗过程复杂，与降水、地表径流、表土结构、土壤密度、孔隙度、含水量和持水特性等关系紧密。对青海省大峡、礼让、官亭泵站3个典型灌区土壤基本物理性质分层次进行测定，并采用桑斯威特排水式蒸渗器进行土壤水下渗模型试验观测。结果表明，大峡灌区土壤密度最小，具有较好的孔隙状况和持水特性，礼让灌区次之，官亭泵站灌区最差，这可能与官亭泵站灌区高程较高，土壤质地较紧实、孔隙较少有关。方差分析结果显示：官亭泵站灌区蒸渗器灌溉量最大，耗水量显著高于礼让和大峡灌区，蒸渗器土壤出流速率最小，但其变异系数最大，出流速率波动较大。蒸渗器中作物耗水量与土壤密度呈显著负相关，与体积含水量呈极显著负相关，与总孔隙度、孔隙含水量、田间持水量呈显著正相关，与毛管孔隙度、饱和含水量呈极显著正相关，与非毛管孔隙度不相关。
증삼기중적작물모수량여토양입삼능력밀절상관，이토양수분입삼과정복잡，여강수、지표경류、표토결구、토양밀도、공극도、함수량화지수특성등관계긴밀。대청해성대협、례양、관정빙참3개전형관구토양기본물이성질분층차진행측정，병채용상사위특배수식증삼기진행토양수하삼모형시험관측。결과표명，대협관구토양밀도최소，구유교호적공극상황화지수특성，례양관구차지，관정빙참관구최차，저가능여관정빙참관구고정교고，토양질지교긴실、공극교소유관。방차분석결과현시：관정빙참관구증삼기관개량최대，모수량현저고우례양화대협관구，증삼기토양출류속솔최소，단기변이계수최대，출류속솔파동교대。증삼기중작물모수량여토양밀도정현저부상관，여체적함수량정겁현저부상관，여총공극도、공극함수량、전간지수량정현저정상관，여모관공극도、포화함수량정겁현저정상관，여비모관공극도불상관。
Crop water consumption in the lysimeter is closely related to the soil water infiltration capacity, and soil water infiltration is a complex process, which is closely relative to the rainfall, surface runoff and physical characteristics such as surface soil structure, soil bulk density, soil water content and water-holding capacity. Soil basic physical properties of different soil layers were determined and analyzed and the Thornthwait lysimeter was adopted to observe soil water infiltration in the three typical irrigated areas ( Daxia, Lirang and Guanting) in the Yellow River basin in Qinghai Province in this study. The results show that the soil bulk density of Daxia irrigated area is the minimum and has better porosity and water-holding capacity, Lirang irrigated area takes the second place, Guanting pumping irrigated area is the worst. This may be related to the high elevation, relatively tight soil texture and relevant fewer pores. The analysis of variance shows that the lysimeter of Guanting pumping irrigated area uses the maximum irrigation water, water consumption is significantly higher than that of Daxia and Lirang irrigated areas, the flow rate of lysimeter is the minimum, but it has the maximum variable coefficient and fluctuation. Crop water consumption of the lysimeter is significantly negative correlate with the soil bulk density (P<0. 05), very significantly negative correlate with volumetric water content (P<0. 01), significantly positive correlate with the total porosity, pore water and field capacity (P<0. 05), very significantly positive correlate with the capillary porosity and saturation moisture content (P<0. 01), and uncorrelated with the non-capillary porosity (P>0. 01).