生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
Ecology and Environment Sciences
2015年
9期
1582-1590
,共9页
莫凌%张云%林彰文%邢巧%吴江平%罗孝俊%麦碧娴
莫凌%張雲%林彰文%邢巧%吳江平%囉孝俊%麥碧嫻
막릉%장운%림창문%형교%오강평%라효준%맥벽한
卤代有机污染物%植物%吸收%迁移%代谢
滷代有機汙染物%植物%吸收%遷移%代謝
서대유궤오염물%식물%흡수%천이%대사
halogenated organic pollutants%plants%absorption%translocation%metabolism
卤代有机污染物（Halogenated organic pollutants，HOPs）在环境中具有持久性、长距离迁移性、生物积累性和潜在的生物毒性等特点，HOPs所引起的环境问题已成为全球环境科学研究热点。植物是环境介质中各种污染物的重要存储体，也是各类污染物进入陆生食物链的重要途径。研究植物对HOPs的吸收、传输与转化特征，对明确HOPs的环境行为、生态风险评价及植物修复等都具有重要的意义。文章在总结了近年来国内外关于植物对HOPs累积研究的基础上，综述了植物对大气、土壤和水体中HOPs的吸收和传输特征、HOPs在植物体内的迁移特征和代谢转化途径，分析了影响HOPs在植物中的积累、传递、降解与转化行为的主要因素。研究表明，辛醇-空气分配系数（Octanol-air partition coefficient，KOA）和辛醇-水分配系数（Octanol-water partition coefficient，Kow）是影响植物吸收HOPs的关键因素，当化合物的log Kow值在6~8的范围内时，植物根系对HOPs的根系富集因子（Root concentration factors，RCFs）较高；植物体内的脂质含量、化合物的理化性质和环境介质的差异是影响HOPs在植物体内传输的重要因素；脱卤代原子是植物降解HOPs的主要途径，而甲氧基化和羟基化是HOPs在植物体内转化的主要模式，具有还原脱卤酶基因的土壤细菌和植物体内的硝酸还原酶（NaR）与谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（GST）能有效促进植物对HOPs的降解代谢。这些研究虽然都取得了一定的进展，但关于植物对HOPs积累迁移与代谢转化的研究仍处于起步阶段，文章就新型HOPs在植物体内积累、传输与代谢机制及采用植物修复技术降低HOPs的环境毒性等方面进行了讨论和展望。
滷代有機汙染物（Halogenated organic pollutants，HOPs）在環境中具有持久性、長距離遷移性、生物積纍性和潛在的生物毒性等特點，HOPs所引起的環境問題已成為全毬環境科學研究熱點。植物是環境介質中各種汙染物的重要存儲體，也是各類汙染物進入陸生食物鏈的重要途徑。研究植物對HOPs的吸收、傳輸與轉化特徵，對明確HOPs的環境行為、生態風險評價及植物脩複等都具有重要的意義。文章在總結瞭近年來國內外關于植物對HOPs纍積研究的基礎上，綜述瞭植物對大氣、土壤和水體中HOPs的吸收和傳輸特徵、HOPs在植物體內的遷移特徵和代謝轉化途徑，分析瞭影響HOPs在植物中的積纍、傳遞、降解與轉化行為的主要因素。研究錶明，辛醇-空氣分配繫數（Octanol-air partition coefficient，KOA）和辛醇-水分配繫數（Octanol-water partition coefficient，Kow）是影響植物吸收HOPs的關鍵因素，噹化閤物的log Kow值在6~8的範圍內時，植物根繫對HOPs的根繫富集因子（Root concentration factors，RCFs）較高；植物體內的脂質含量、化閤物的理化性質和環境介質的差異是影響HOPs在植物體內傳輸的重要因素；脫滷代原子是植物降解HOPs的主要途徑，而甲氧基化和羥基化是HOPs在植物體內轉化的主要模式，具有還原脫滷酶基因的土壤細菌和植物體內的硝痠還原酶（NaR）與穀胱甘肽硫轉移酶（GST）能有效促進植物對HOPs的降解代謝。這些研究雖然都取得瞭一定的進展，但關于植物對HOPs積纍遷移與代謝轉化的研究仍處于起步階段，文章就新型HOPs在植物體內積纍、傳輸與代謝機製及採用植物脩複技術降低HOPs的環境毒性等方麵進行瞭討論和展望。
서대유궤오염물（Halogenated organic pollutants，HOPs）재배경중구유지구성、장거리천이성、생물적루성화잠재적생물독성등특점，HOPs소인기적배경문제이성위전구배경과학연구열점。식물시배경개질중각충오염물적중요존저체，야시각류오염물진입륙생식물련적중요도경。연구식물대HOPs적흡수、전수여전화특정，대명학HOPs적배경행위、생태풍험평개급식물수복등도구유중요적의의。문장재총결료근년래국내외관우식물대HOPs루적연구적기출상，종술료식물대대기、토양화수체중HOPs적흡수화전수특정、HOPs재식물체내적천이특정화대사전화도경，분석료영향HOPs재식물중적적루、전체、강해여전화행위적주요인소。연구표명，신순-공기분배계수（Octanol-air partition coefficient，KOA）화신순-수분배계수（Octanol-water partition coefficient，Kow）시영향식물흡수HOPs적관건인소，당화합물적log Kow치재6~8적범위내시，식물근계대HOPs적근계부집인자（Root concentration factors，RCFs）교고；식물체내적지질함량、화합물적이화성질화배경개질적차이시영향HOPs재식물체내전수적중요인소；탈서대원자시식물강해HOPs적주요도경，이갑양기화화간기화시HOPs재식물체내전화적주요모식，구유환원탈서매기인적토양세균화식물체내적초산환원매（NaR）여곡광감태류전이매（GST）능유효촉진식물대HOPs적강해대사。저사연구수연도취득료일정적진전，단관우식물대HOPs적루천이여대사전화적연구잉처우기보계단，문장취신형HOPs재식물체내적루、전수여대사궤제급채용식물수복기술강저HOPs적배경독성등방면진행료토론화전망。
The environmental risks of halogenated organic pollutants (HOPs) have attracted considerable research interest due to their persistence, long range transport, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. Plants are important reservoirs of pollutants in environment and play key role in trapping and transferring airborne pollutants to terrestrial ecosystems. Research on the bioaccumulation, translocation, and transformation of HOPs in plant is critically important to understand the behavior, evaluate the potential risks to ecological system, and phytoremediation of HOPs. This review summarized the recent data on the absorption and bioaccumulation of HOPs in plants. The absorption and translocation behaviors of HOPs from the atmosphere, soil, and water to the plants, and the metabolism and transformation of HOPs in plants were also reviewed. The key factors affected the bioaccumulation, translocation, degradation and transformation of HOPs in plants were discussed. Results of research showed that the key factors affected the bioaccumulation of HOPs in plants were octanol-air partition coefficient (KOA) and octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow). The values of root concentration factors (RCFs) were higher when the values of log Kow of compounds ranged from 6 to 8. The lipid content in plants, physicochemical property of compounds, and environmental media were the important factors affected the translocation of HOPs in plants. Dehalogenation was the primary degradation pathway of HOPs in plants, and methoxylation and hydroxylation are two major transformation ways. The soil bacteria with the genes of dehalogenation reductase, nitrate reductase (NaR) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) could effectively promote degradation and metabolism of HOPs in plants. Although these studies have made some progress, the research on the bioaccumulation, translocation, degradation and transformation of HOPs in plants were still in their infancy. The mechanism of bioaccumulation, translocation, and metabolism of new HOPs in plants and the phytoremediation technology applied on the decreasing of environmental toxicity of HOPs were discussed and prospected.
