生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
Ecology and Environment Sciences
2015年
9期
1486-1492
,共7页
攀援植物%颗粒物%PM2.5%叶片%五叶地锦
攀援植物%顆粒物%PM2.5%葉片%五葉地錦
반원식물%과립물%PM2.5%협편%오협지금
climbing plant%particulate matter%PM2.5%leaf%Parthenocissus quinquefolia
植物通过叶片对颗粒物的吸附作用能够有效降低大气中颗粒物的浓度。用攀援植物进行绿化是城市绿化的重要手段，五叶地锦（Parthenocissus quinquefolia）作为中国北方地区常见的攀援绿化植物，研究其对大气颗粒物的吸附效果能够为降低大气中颗粒物浓度、改善环境质量、优化绿化方法提供一定依据。选取道路旁和校园内两处采样地点，距地表不同采样高度对五叶地锦叶片进行采样，使用扫描电镜和软件相结合的方式，对叶表面吸附的颗粒物进行计数，对颗粒物进行粒径分级，通过 X 射线能谱仪对叶表面吸附颗粒物的元素组成和颗粒物特征进行分析。结果表明：五叶地锦能够有效吸附不同粒径的大气颗粒物，对粒径在0.2~2.5μm的细颗粒物吸附数量占总吸附颗粒物数量的90%以上。颗粒物粒径越小，吸附在叶表面的数量越多。叶片上、下表面由于叶表面形态特征的不同，对吸附颗粒物数量有影响，五叶地锦叶片上表面对不同粒径范围的颗粒物吸附数量均明显高于下表面。道路旁2.5 m高度处叶表面上细颗粒物密度为8.4×106/cm2，校园内2.5 m高度处叶表面上细颗粒物密度为5.2×106/cm2。环境对植物吸附颗粒物的数量有明显影响。叶表面吸附的颗粒物的组成元素受环境影响，道路叶片上吸附颗粒物元素组成中Si、Ca、Fe含量高。文章所采用的方法对植物叶片吸附颗粒物数量和元素组成的分析能够直观地反映出植物在减缓大气污染、减少PM2.5等颗粒物上所起到的作用。
植物通過葉片對顆粒物的吸附作用能夠有效降低大氣中顆粒物的濃度。用攀援植物進行綠化是城市綠化的重要手段，五葉地錦（Parthenocissus quinquefolia）作為中國北方地區常見的攀援綠化植物，研究其對大氣顆粒物的吸附效果能夠為降低大氣中顆粒物濃度、改善環境質量、優化綠化方法提供一定依據。選取道路徬和校園內兩處採樣地點，距地錶不同採樣高度對五葉地錦葉片進行採樣，使用掃描電鏡和軟件相結閤的方式，對葉錶麵吸附的顆粒物進行計數，對顆粒物進行粒徑分級，通過 X 射線能譜儀對葉錶麵吸附顆粒物的元素組成和顆粒物特徵進行分析。結果錶明：五葉地錦能夠有效吸附不同粒徑的大氣顆粒物，對粒徑在0.2~2.5μm的細顆粒物吸附數量佔總吸附顆粒物數量的90%以上。顆粒物粒徑越小，吸附在葉錶麵的數量越多。葉片上、下錶麵由于葉錶麵形態特徵的不同，對吸附顆粒物數量有影響，五葉地錦葉片上錶麵對不同粒徑範圍的顆粒物吸附數量均明顯高于下錶麵。道路徬2.5 m高度處葉錶麵上細顆粒物密度為8.4×106/cm2，校園內2.5 m高度處葉錶麵上細顆粒物密度為5.2×106/cm2。環境對植物吸附顆粒物的數量有明顯影響。葉錶麵吸附的顆粒物的組成元素受環境影響，道路葉片上吸附顆粒物元素組成中Si、Ca、Fe含量高。文章所採用的方法對植物葉片吸附顆粒物數量和元素組成的分析能夠直觀地反映齣植物在減緩大氣汙染、減少PM2.5等顆粒物上所起到的作用。
식물통과협편대과립물적흡부작용능구유효강저대기중과립물적농도。용반원식물진행녹화시성시녹화적중요수단，오협지금（Parthenocissus quinquefolia）작위중국북방지구상견적반원녹화식물，연구기대대기과립물적흡부효과능구위강저대기중과립물농도、개선배경질량、우화녹화방법제공일정의거。선취도로방화교완내량처채양지점，거지표불동채양고도대오협지금협편진행채양，사용소묘전경화연건상결합적방식，대협표면흡부적과립물진행계수，대과립물진행립경분급，통과 X 사선능보의대협표면흡부과립물적원소조성화과립물특정진행분석。결과표명：오협지금능구유효흡부불동립경적대기과립물，대립경재0.2~2.5μm적세과립물흡부수량점총흡부과립물수량적90%이상。과립물립경월소，흡부재협표면적수량월다。협편상、하표면유우협표면형태특정적불동，대흡부과립물수량유영향，오협지금협편상표면대불동립경범위적과립물흡부수량균명현고우하표면。도로방2.5 m고도처협표면상세과립물밀도위8.4×106/cm2，교완내2.5 m고도처협표면상세과립물밀도위5.2×106/cm2。배경대식물흡부과립물적수량유명현영향。협표면흡부적과립물적조성원소수배경영향，도로협편상흡부과립물원소조성중Si、Ca、Fe함량고。문장소채용적방법대식물협편흡부과립물수량화원소조성적분석능구직관지반영출식물재감완대기오염、감소PM2.5등과립물상소기도적작용。
Numerous studies have demonstrated that the plants can purify particulate matters (PM) by absorbing atmospheric pollutants, and may significantly impact air quality. Climbing plants are widely used in urban greening, and Parthenocissus quinquefolia is a common climbing greening plant in northern China. It is meaningful to study P.thomson’ ability on PM accumulating in order to reduce PM concentration in the atmosphere, improve environment quality and optimize greening method. In this study, leaves of P.thomsoniare collected from two places, near a traffic road and in a campus, and three heights from the ground. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) is used to count the quantity of particles which are accumulated on leaf surface and analyze the elements of particles. The results shows, P.thomsonican accumulate particulate matters (PM) effectively, especially for fine particles (0.2~2.5μm) in quantitative terms. The percentage of fine PM accumulation in total PM is more than 90%. The smaller the particle’s size is, the larger quantity accumulates on leaf surface. The upper side of the leaf accumulated more PM than the underside, because the two sides’ microstructures are different. At 2.5 m height, the density of fine PM on leaf surface is 8.4×106/cm2 near a road, and it is 5.2×106/cm2 in campus. The samples from the road collected more PM than the ones from the campus.The elements found on the leaves affected by the environment, the ratio of elements were different between the two sampling sites. There are more Si, Ca and Feobserved on leaves near the road. The method in this paper could intuitively reflect the plant’s influence on reducing atmosphere pollution and accumulating particles.
