CAJ | 학술논문

在实际工程中，滑坡经常呈现出多级破坏的特征，而一般计算和设计中仅关注最危险的滑动面及对应的最小安全系数，这往往遗留安全隐患。在考虑岩土材料软化特性的基础上，借助FLAC3D和Matlab软件平台构建了无需人工干预便可有效模拟与评价滑坡多级破坏的理论框架。以旬阳县党家坝廉租房小区滑坡为例，通过对塑性剪应变、塑性拉应变、剪切应变增量等特征变量的渐进发展规律分析发现：滑坡多级滑动面的形成，其时间和空间顺序并不一定相对应。各级滑动面在时间上按产生的先后顺序依次为第1级主滑面、第2级主滑面、次级滑面；而在空间上按照从前到后的顺序依次为第1级主滑面、次级滑面、第2级主滑面。从计算所得的滑坡最终破坏形态中发现，坡体内部出现的滑动面条数与现场采集的拉裂缝数基本保持一致；第1级主滑面的入口位置与滑坡前缘拉裂缝位置基本吻合；而第2级主滑面及次级滑面的位置与现场勘查到的拉裂缝位置出现偏差。从材料参数的渐进发展规律中发现，滑面上强度参数的分布及大小均随着滑面的产生、发展而逐渐变化，其变化区间为峰值强度到残余强度，这是此方法可以有效模拟多级滑动面形成过程与各级滑动面之间相互影响的核心所在。借助矢量和法成功地实现了基于滑面上强度参数渐进发展规律的安全系数演化过程的确定。通过对安全系数演化过程的分析发现，在滑坡多级滑动面的形成过程中安全系数大小顺序呈现出3种不同的状态，这很好地揭示了各级滑动面在形成过程中的主、被动关系。
재실제공정중，활파경상정현출다급파배적특정，이일반계산화설계중부관주최위험적활동면급대응적최소안전계수，저왕왕유류안전은환。재고필암토재료연화특성적기출상，차조FLAC3D화Matlab연건평태구건료무수인공간예편가유효모의여평개활파다급파배적이론광가。이순양현당가패렴조방소구활파위례，통과대소성전응변、소성랍응변、전절응변증량등특정변량적점진발전규률분석발현：활파다급활동면적형성，기시간화공간순서병불일정상대응。각급활동면재시간상안산생적선후순서의차위제1급주활면、제2급주활면、차급활면；이재공간상안조종전도후적순서의차위제1급주활면、차급활면、제2급주활면。종계산소득적활파최종파배형태중발현，파체내부출현적활동면조수여현장채집적랍렬봉수기본보지일치；제1급주활면적입구위치여활파전연랍렬봉위치기본문합；이제2급주활면급차급활면적위치여현장감사도적랍렬봉위치출현편차。종재료삼수적점진발전규률중발현，활면상강도삼수적분포급대소균수착활면적산생、발전이축점변화，기변화구간위봉치강도도잔여강도，저시차방법가이유효모의다급활동면형성과정여각급활동면지간상호영향적핵심소재。차조시량화법성공지실현료기우활면상강도삼수점진발전규률적안전계수연화과정적학정。통과대안전계수연화과정적분석발현，재활파다급활동면적형성과정중안전계수대소순서정현출3충불동적상태，저흔호지게시료각급활동면재형성과정중적주、피동관계。
Landslide often exhibits characteristics of multi-stage destruction in practical engineering. However, the most dangerous slip surface and corresponding minimum safety factor are only concerned in general computing and design, this often leaves security risk. Considering the softening characteristics of geomaterial, a theoretical framework of effective simulation and evaluation of landslide multi-stage destruction is established with FLAC3D and Matlab software platform. Taken landslide in low-rent housing area of Dangjiaba in Xunyang county as an example, the process of forming multi-slip surfaces is revealed by progressive evolution of plastic shear strain, plastic tensile strain and shear strain increment and so on. It is shown that time and space sequences are not necessarily corresponding sequence. The temporal sequences of multi-slip surfaces are first-class main slip surface, second-class main slip surface and sub-slip surface;the spatial sequence is first-class master slip surface, sub-slip surface and second-class main slip surface. The number of slip surfaces is equal to the number of tension cracks in collecting on-site. The entry location of first-class main slip surface is in excellent agreement with the tension crack in the frontal part of landslide, but the positions of second-class master slip surface and sub-slip surface have little error with the tension crack on-site. The distribution and magnitude of strength parameters in the slip surfaces gradually change with the development of slip surface from peak strength to residual strength, this is the root reason why the multi-slip surfaces of landslide can be simulated effectively. The evolution of vector sum safety factors according the temporospatial distribution of material parameters in the multi-slip surfaces is obtained. It turns out that there are three different sequences of safety factors in the process of forming the multi-slip surfaces of landslide. It illustrates the active and passive relationships among all slip surfaces in the formation process.